Earth Science Fall Final Study Guide | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

What is astrology?

Superstitious belief that stars control the future

What is astronomy?

Scientific study of the universe/space

What is the difference between a meteor and meteorite?

both space debris--meteors burn up in the atmosphere; meteorite's reach the earth's surface

What is our galaxy called?

Milky Way

What is a group of stars that forms a picture called?

constellation

What is a nebula?

cloud of gas and dust in space

What is a comet?

ball of ice that orbits the sun

What is an exploding star called?

Nova

The gap between Mars and Jupiter is called what?

Asteroid Belt

What is a galaxy?

millions of stars rotating around a center

What is the North Star?

star that doesn't move with respect of the earth's rotation

What is the unit of measurement for distances in space?

light-year

What determines the location of a comet's tail?

Always points away from the sun (solar wind), even if its heading away from the sun.

Give one possible explanation for the ability to see distant starlight in a young world.

God created with maturity/age; General Relativity

What is the most common evolutionary explanation for the origins of the universe?

Big Bang Theory

Why do stars appear to move through the night sky?

rotation and revolution

What two things do we need to know to determine how far away a star is?

brightness and size

Which star color is brighter, blue or yellow?

blue

What invention demonstrates the rotation of the earth?

Foucault Pendulum

Describe the Heliocentric model of our solar system.

Sun at the center

Describe the Geocentric model of our solar system.

Earth at the center

How do seasons show God's provision for man?

seasons to plant food; tolerable weather

Why does the earth experience seasons?

tilt of the earth's axis

What are two ways the earth moves in space?

rotation and revolution

What causes an earthquake?

movement of the earth's crust; stress due to moving tectonic plates is released.

How are depositional mountains formed?

Layers of sediment are deposited over time and pressed down

What is a glacier?

a large mass of ice that does not melt fully each summer

What is a tsunami?

Large waves caused by an earthquake

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

All objects go into a state of chaos

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

matter cannot be created or destroyed

What is the measurement of a mountain from base to peak (top)?

Actual Height

What is the difference between sea level and the peak (top)?

Elevation

True or False. Revolutionists believe everything happens by natural processes (uniformitarianism)

true

How are erosional mountains formed?

wind/water erode material away

What is Uniformitarianism?

the belief that everything in nature happened only by natural processes

Explain how water can break a rock (multiple ways).

large amount of water can erode rocks (waves, rivers, tsunamis); water can enter cracks, freeze, and expand--breaking the rock.

Describe the process for the eruption of a geyser. 3 parts.

Water pools below the surface; heat/pressure build from the magma; eruption (water/steam)

The young earth creationist view of Grand Canyon is (a little/a lot) of time, and (a little/a lot) of water.

a little time, a lot of water

The evolutionist view of Grand Canyon is (a little/a lot) of time, and (a little/a lot) of water.

A lot of time, a little bit of water

List two methods used by farmers to reduce soil erosion.

Spread cow manure; wood chips; build terraces; irrigation canals

What is one of the most active volcanic countries in the world?

Indonesia

Why is color an inaccurate way to identify a mineral?

Minerals are various colors; many minerals are the same color

Can metamorphic rock form at low temperatures?

No, needs heat, pressure, and time

Where is natural gas nearly always found? Near what?

Oil deposits

What do fossils prove?

They don't prove evolution or divine creation, but they support the idea that fossils could be created in thousands of years, not just millions

What type of rock is sandstone? Sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous?

Sedimentary

Do all rocks sink in water?

No; example: pumice floats

When do larger crystals form in igneous rock?

Cooling slowly--time to form air pockets

What are rocks made from?

Minerals and bits of organic material; small pieces of other rocks

How do rocks change form?

Heat, pressure, time

Is coal a rock even though it is organic?

Yes

What is magma?

liquid rock under the surface of the crust

What is the part of the earth that the crust moves on?

Mantle

What is the innermost part of the earth?

inner/outer core

How do scientists "see" beneath the earth's crust?

seismic waves

What is the outermost layer of the earth?

crust