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Respiration and the respiratory system (year 8)
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Name the four components of blood
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
What part of your blood causes you to form clots which stops you bleeding?
platelets
What does plasma do?
transports dissolved substances such as carbon dioxide, hormones, minerals, glucose around the blood
What do white blood cells do?
Protect against pathogens (harmful things like bacteria and viruses)
What is the role of red blood cells?
transport oxygen (and carbon dioxide) around the body
Which part of the respiratory system have smokers damaged to make them breathless?
alveoli
What is the addictive substance in cigarettes called?
nicotine
Why does smoking increase the risk of heart attack?
Reduces blood flow to the heart
Name three diseases caused by smoking
lung cancer, bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, heart disease
What happens to your heart rate as you exercise?
increases
A person breathes 40 times in 5 minutes. What is their breathing rate?
8 breathes per minute
What is the name of the muscles in between the ribs that pull the lungs up and out when we inhale?
intercostal muscles
What is the name of the big muscle under the lungs that controls breathing?
diaphragm
What type of cell lines the trachea and sweeps out dust and bacteria trapped in mucus?
ciliated cells
How are alveoli adapted for their function?
They have a large surface area (size of a tennis court!) are very thin (one-cell thick), blood vessels very close = quick diffusion
What do alveoli do?
allow gas exchange to occur
Describe the pathway of air from the nose to the alveoli name at least three structures it passes through
nasal cavity --> trachea --> bronchi --> bronchioles
How is a red blood cell specialised or adapted for its function?
it doesn't have a nucleus so it has more room for haemoglobin!
What is diffusion?
movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Which organelle carries out respiration?
mitochondria
What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
Name three things our bodies require energy for
muscle contraction, growth, repair, cell devision
What is aerobic respiration?
a chemical reaction that uses oxygen to release energy
What type of energy is stored in food?
chemical
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