18th Century Spain and Europe | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

T or F: The writers of the Encyclopaedia always agreed with each other

False

T or F: the Encyclopaedia was aimed only at the noble classes

false

Why did the Church not like the Encycopaedia

it challenged the Bible and religious beliefs

The huge compilation of human knowledge published in 28 volumes between 1751 and 1722 was called ____

the Encyclopaedia

Name the Spanish monarch that was heavily influenced by Enlightenment ideas

Carlos III

Name 3 reforms passed by enlightened despots

Education, government, land reforms

Name 3 monarchs that practiced Enlightened Despotism

Catherine the Great of Russia, Frederick the Great of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria and Carlos III of Spain

True or F: all monarchs rejected Enlightenment idea

False

Who wrote "Candide" and "Treatise on Tolerance"

Voltaire

Which Enlightenment philosopher argued that the state was the result of a social contract between government and people

John Locke

True or false: Enlightenment ideas supported all ideas and structures of the Old Regime

False, they challenged many

Name 3 important thinkers of the Enlightenment

John Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau

What were the four key ideas of the Enlightenment and briefly describe each

Reason, natural rights, knowledge and tolerance

Absolutism or parliamentary monarchy: which has a separation of powers?

Parliamentary monarchy

The Dutch Republic was also known as ___

the Republic of the United Provinces

The Dutch Republic gained independence from ___

Spain

Define "separation of powers"

When each branch of government has its own powers and responsibiities

In England, which document guaranteed certain rights and liberties and limited the King's powers?

The Bill of Rights of 1689

The English Civi War was a conflict between ___ and ___

the King (royalists) and the Parliament (controlled by the bourgeoisie)

What was the symbol of the French monarchy?

the Fleur de Lis

What is mercantilism?

A theory that held that there was ony a fixed amount of trade in the world and a country's wealth was based on the amount of silver and gold it had

Absolute Monarchs based their economic policies on ____

mercantilism

What is the Divine Right of Kings?

The belief that God was the source of a monarch's power and he was above the law

In this form of government, monarchs held full legislative, executive and judicial power

Absolutism

Whay was the agrarian sector not very productive in the 18th century?

Weather events and a lot of land was not farmed productively because it belonged to nobles and clergy

In modern times, why are food supplies usually abundant all year long?

Improved farming techniques, irrigation, genetically modified crops, chemicals etc

What was controlled by Guilds?

Most artisanal activity

What happened to the food supply in times of weather disasters?

Prices rose, food became scarce and there was famine

In 18th Century Europe, what was the main economic activity?

crop agriculture and livestock farming

The Society of Estates had 2 main characteristics: ___ and ___

Privilege and lack of mobility

In the Old Regime, society was divided into ___ ____

three estates