Echo 13 part 2 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

True/False:TEE imaging can demonstrate thrombus in the main, right, or left pulmonary artery.

True

True/False: Then pulmonary artery systolic pressure (in the absence of pulmonic stenosis) is calculated as: PAP= 4V2 + RAP PAP=RVSP

TRUE

The underlying pathophysiology of this clinical syndrome is chronic pressure overload of the RV as it ejects into a high-resistance pulmonary vascular bed

Cor pulmonale

PHTN is best evaluated on echo by measuring ???????

peak pulmonic regurgitation

What are the risk factors of Htn.

Chronis kidney disease and HF

Coronary Sinus drains into _____ Heart chamber.

LA

Whats anomaly is shown in this picture?

Mcconnell Sign: where apex seems to dip in the RV. regional RV dysfunction, with akinesia of the mid free wall, found in pts w/ Pulmonary Embolism.

how are pulmonary pressures calculated?

modified bernoullis= 4v^2

What is CorPulmonale?

Lung/ Repiratory issue which causes changes in the structure and function of Rt Heart resulting with Rt sided HF.

What is the life expectancy if pHtn is left untreated.

1-2 years. (with proper treatment it exceeds 7years maybe 10)

what is the treatment for Phtn?

CCB, Digoxin, Diuretics, Oxygen, Warfarin and Lung Transplant.

True/ False: pHtn can be cured with treatment.

False. it cant be cured but improve progression.

1) What is the full form of TAPSE? 2) Where is it taken from? 3) What is abnormal cutoff Value?

1)Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion. 2) Lateral annulus of TV 3) <17mm

What are the echo findings in this image and what can be causing it?

D- shaped septum due to elevated rt pressures. The Flying W in M-Mode. RVE and LVH. caused by significant pHtn

What are some normal echo findings with significant pHtn?

*RAE *RVH *RVE *Diastolic Dysfunction (reduced E/A ratio) *TR may range from mild-Sev (worse: LV comp, Pleural Eff, TAPSE= <14mm)

Loss of respiratory variation, dilated IVC and opening of PFO is caused by what?

Caused by chronic elevation of right sided pressures (pHtn).

What can be seen in this image and what is causing this to happen.

Dilated Coronary Sinus: Caused by chronic elevation of right sided pressures (pHtn)

What is the treatment for Eisenmengers (PAP).

Surgical intervention such as lung or heart transplant. (true eisenmenger is when baby has left to right shunting)

PAP values: Normal, Mild, Moderate, Severe and Eisenmenger's.

Normal: 18-25 mmHg Mild: 30-40mmHg Mod: 40-70mmHg Eisenmengers: >120mmHg

What are the cardiac diseases that result in elevated pulmonary pressures? _______ is vital in identifying these diseases.

Detection of shunts (ASD), MS, Severe LV Systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Echo is vital.

what is the difference between primary and seconadary Htn? which is more common in clinical findings, name some common diseases associated with it.

Primary: no underlying cause or lung disease causing high BP Secondary: Caused by underlying disease. It is more common and Pulmonary disease and CV Disease.

What is the mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in pHtn?

>25mmHg

What are some abnormalities more common in Htn are.

MAC LAE Ascending Ao dilitation w/ Ai (chronic htn)

delayed relaxation of myocardium due to hypertrophy equals to

reduced E/A ratio (early htn)

severe untreated Htn will lead to signs of ______.

CHF

in htn, echo is used to evaluate 3 main things in heart.

LVH diastolic dysfunc (early manifestation) systolic dysfunc

_______ hypertension can lead to heart disease and stroke. (top 2 causes of death)

chronic (affects 30% adults in u.s)

Hypertension results due to _______ peripheral resistance.

Increased

Define Hypertension

SBP >140mmHg DBP >90mmHg