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Label
a) Rt. Subclavian V b) Axillary V c) Cephalic d) Brachial e) Basilic f) Median Cubital g) Cephalic h) Radial V i) Basilic j) Ulnar
Label
a) Common Iliac V b) Ext. Iliac V c) Int. Iliac V d) Deep Fv e) FV f) FV g) GSV h) Pop V i)Small SV j) ATV k) PTV
What is the arrow pointing to ?
Valsalva -ve. Venous flow waveforms are spontaneous, phasic with respir and unidirectional towards<3 . presence of complete occlusion, will show absence of flow
Where is this waveform from.
Brachiocephalic. IJV will show same but smaller
Label the vessels
A. CFA B. GSV C. CFV
What kind of Graft is shown in the image
PTFE
What waveform is shown in the image?
Abnormal high resistance waveform with only antegrade flow through systole. This flow is seen proximal to a near occlusion or occlusion.
What waveform is shown in the image?
Normal systolic upstroke constant forward flow through diastole. seen during exercise or in presence of arterioenous fistula, trauma or cellulitis
What waveform is shown in the image?
A normal Multi Phasic
what is shown in the images A and B
Stent.
What is arrow pointing at?
Intimal Flap. Post CEA Diagnostic feature.
What pathology is shown in the image?
Carotid Body Tumor (CBT). usually non malignant and are classified as paragangliomas. may notice dysphagia, headaches and change in voice.
this flow pattern may be seen in....
FMD
What pathology/ disease is shown in the image?
Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD). String of beads. it involves abnormal growth of the the arterial wall and may involvr any vessel layer.
What is shown in the image?
Tortuous and Kinked vessel. t's are asymptomatic whereas kinks may cause stroke or TIA.
What waveform is shown in the image?
Its a THUMP ARTIFACT. (-_-)
What is the color doppler suggesting in the image.
Choke Lesion. A severe distal CCA obstruction with continued patency of the Carotid bifurcation. flow typically reverse in the ICA to supply ECA.
What kind of color flow is shown in the above image
String Sign. it has a blunted, low velocity . to be found in severly diseased ICA in which small string like lumen remains.
What waveform is shown in the image?
Hesitant Doppler Wavefform contour. Result of a steal. may look like a bunny rabbit in Subclavian Steal.
What waveform is shown in the image?
Proximal to stenosis. waveform has high resistance pattern with low velocity or absent diastolic flow.
What waveform is shown in the image?
Tardus Parvus Waveform. The waveform contour distal to significant stenosis will be dampened, with decreased velocities, delayed accel and rounded peak.
Where are these waveforms taken from?
A. CCA B. ECA C. ICA
What waveform is shown in the image?
Pseudoaneurysmal to and fro waveform. notice the YIN YANG sign
What waveform is shown in the image?
Pseudoanuerysmal to and fro waveform is shown
What does the Image show?
Dissection/ False Lumen
What pathology am I? I can be described as mixed echogenecity plaque and have areas of calcium that may cause brighter echoes and acoustic shadowing. I also have irregular surface.
Heterogenous Plaque
What pathology am i? i am smooth and uniform in appearance and with hypoechoic.
Homogenous Plaque
Where are these Waveforms A & B taken from?
A. Prox ICA bulb B. Prox ICA bulb (flow separation)
What is the color flow representing here?
Normal Flow separation in carotid bulb. If there is plaque build up then flow separation disappears.
What is the arrow pointing at?
Temporal Tap, which can be used to differentiate between ICA and ECA
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