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Give 2 ways to prevent corrosion of metals
galvanization (using sacrificial anode); painting/greasing
Give 3 differences of soap and detergent
soaps are carboxylate salts, det are sulfonate salts; soaps are from fats/oils, det are petro products; soaps form scum in hard water, det dont
Explain how detergents are able to remove grease from a surface by referring to the intermolecular forces present.
(mentions IMF between det and water; IMF between det and grease; mentions agitation and being washed away)
Using collision theory, explain the effect of removing reactant particles on the equilibrium system
less reactant particles colliding, forward reaction slows down; reverse reaction rate intially stays the same; overall, there's a shift backwards
Explain how temperature affects the rate of reaction
more particles have E > Ea AND increase in collision frequency
Give the 4 characteristics of Chemical Equilibrium
only in a closed system | rate of forward reaction = the rate of reverse reaction | no change in macroscopic properties | can be attained from either direction
State the Le Chatelier's Principle
"If a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change"
What is a buffer solution?
A solution that resists pH change when a small amount of strong acid/base is added to it
State the optimum conditions and the catalyst used in the Haber Process
T=450C; P=200atm; Fe catalyst
Draw the structure of a biodiesel
(biodiesel structure)
Draw the structure of a soap
(soap structure)
Draw the stucture of glycerol
(glycerol structure)
Draw the structure of a simple triglyceride
(triglyceride structure; hydrophobic chains represented by R)
State 2 reasons why galvanic cells need a salt bridge.
maintains charge neutrality | completes the circuit | allows transfer of ions between two half-cells | prevents polarisation.
Identify this amino acid
valine
Identify this amino acid
tryptophan
Identify this amino acid
cysteine
Identify this amino acid
glycine
List 2 observations for the reaction between: Chromium(III) nitrate solution and magnesium ribbon
silver/grey solid dissolves | blackish/grey/silver solid forms | solution becomes less green/colourless
List 2 observations for the reaction between: Iron filings and dilute hydrochloric acid
colourless, (odourless) bubbles /effervescence/gas | silver/grey solid dissolves | (pale) green solution formed
Name this molecule
3-chloropropanal
Name this molecule
butyl methanoate
Name this molecule
2-methylhexan-3-one
Name this molecule
heptan-2-amine
Name this molecule
2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene
Name this molecule
Pentanamide
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