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Biology Chapter 2 Review: Chemistry of Life
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______________ are weak acids or bases that help neutralize other acids or bases.
Buffers
Enzymes act by ____________ the amount of activation energy needed in a reaction.
Lowering
Water sticking to its container would be an example of _____________.
 
adhesion
 
cohesion
 
heat capacity
 
heat of vaporization
Water "sticking" to other water molecules would be an example of ______________________.
 
cohesion
 
adhesion
 
heat of vaporization
 
capillary action
Describe the significance of water having a high heat capacity and a high heat of vaporization for humans.
allows for our bodies to avoid drastic changes in temperature and allows our bodies to cool off when sweating; ultimately allows our bodies to maintain homeosta
reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
substrate
small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
monomer
molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
Polymer
mixture of water with an non-dissolved material
suspension
elements or compounds produced in a chemical reaction
products
elements or compounds that participate in a chemical reaction
reactant
slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.
Van der Waals forces
type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed
solution (homogeneous mixture)
material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together; not chemically combined.
mixture
Most enzymes end with this suffix.
-ase
A protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions is called a(n) __________________.
enzyme
A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom is called a _______________.
Hydrogen Bond
Chemical bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
ionic bond
Energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin is called _____________________.
activation energy
A type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared.
 
Covalent Bond
 
Ionic Bond
 
Metallic Bond
 
none of these
A(n) _______________ is a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction.
 
catalyst
 
amino acid
 
monosaccharide
 
polymer
Name the monomer of a Nucleic Acid.
nucleotide
Name the monomer of a lipid.
triglyceride
Name the monomer of a protein.
amino acid
Name the monomer of a carbohydrate.
Monosaccharide
DNA is an example of a ____________.
nucleic acid
Olive Oil is an example of a ___________.
lipid
Hemoglobin is an example of a _______________.
protein
Sucrose is an example of a _________________.
Carbohydrate
Antibodies are an example of ______________.
proteins
The Phospholipid Bilayer is an example of a _______________.
lipid
Glycogen is an example of a ____________.
carbohydrate
ATP is an example of a _________________.
nucleic acid
Cerumen (earwax) is an example of a ___________.
lipid
RNA is an example of a _______________.
Nucleic acid
Lipase is an example of a _______________.
protein
Glucose is an example of a ________________.
Carbohydrate
An acid releases what type of ion in solution?
Hydrogen (H+)
A base releases what type of ion in solution?
Hydroxide (OH-)
What are the two factors we discussed that influence enzyme activity?
temperature & pH
Which of the following items is NOT a protein type?
 
none of these
 
contractile proteins
 
antibodies
 
transport proteins
___________ are formed by covalent bonds.
 
molecules
 
ions
 
isotopes
 
atoms
A substance with a pH of 14 would be considered a(n) ____________________.
 
strong base
 
weak acid
 
strong acid
 
weak base
If a substance has a pH of 6.5, this substance would be considered a(n) ________________.
acid
____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
 
Enzymes, proteins
 
Triglycerides, lipids
 
Proteins, Triglycerides
 
Enzymes, lipids
Which of the following doesn’t match up the proper monomer with its corresponding macromolecule?
 
lipid - amino acid
 
carbohydrate - monosaccharide
 
nucleic acid - nucleotide
 
none of these
With proteins, _____________ determines its function
 
shape
 
number of elements
 
both shape & number of elements
 
none of these
Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
 
glycogen - lipid
 
DNA - nucleic acid
 
cellulose - carbohydrate
 
amino acid - protein
Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
 
starch
 
sucrose
 
glucose
 
fructose
In a solution, what is the name of the substance that is being dissolved?
solute
In a solution, what is the name for the substance that DOES the dissolving?
Solvent
What are the two parts of a solution?
Solute & Sovlent
Which of these examples is NOT made up of proteins?
 
cellulose
 
hair
 
enzymes
 
fingernails
Which of the following is NOT an element that can be found in proteins?
 
none of these
 
nitrogen
 
oxygen
 
carbon
A disaccharide is made up of ______________________.
Two monosaccharides
Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
 
sucrose
 
glucose
 
fructose
 
none of these
Which of the following would be an example of a base?
 
All of these
 
Shampoo
 
Drain Cleaner
 
Ammonia
Nucleic Acids are important for life because they __________________________.
Store genetic information/hold instructions for making proteins
_____________ are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino Acids
Tomato, lemon juice, & apple cider vinegar would all be examples of _________.
acids
What happens to the electrons in a COVALENT bond?
electrons are shared
Olive Oil would be an example of what type of fat/lipid?
Unsaturated Fat
Carbohydrates are made up of what three elements?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
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