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Unit 5 Test Review
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Abby has type AB blood. What are the POSSIBLE genotypes for her parents? EXPLAIN.
AA, AO, BB, BO, AB---one parent donated an A and the other parent donated a B
Abby has type AB blood. What are the POSSIBLE genotypes for her parents? EXPLAIN.
AA, AO, BB, BO, AB---one parent donated an A and the other parent donated a B
Abby has type AB blood. What are the POSSIBLE genotypes for her parents? EXPLAIN.
AA, AO, BB, BO, AB---one parent donated an A and the other parent donated a B
What is an inherited mutation?
A mutation passed on from parent to offspring.
What is an acquired mutation?
A mutation that a person obtains during their lifetime due to environmental factors.
How do MOST mutations affect an organism?
neutral
When does a chromosome mutation occur?
meiosis
When does a gene mutation occur?
DNA replication
How many nitrogen bases are found in ONE mRNA codon?
3
How could a chromosome mutation affect an organism?
It could alter MANY proteins due to affecting MANY genes.
How could a gene mutation affect an organism?
It could alter ONE protein.
How is a chromosome related to a chromatid?
Chromosomes that are copied form sister chromatids--they are identical arms of a chromosome.
Why are the chromosomes in this karyotype X shaped?
They are sister chromatids formed AFTER DNA is replicated.
How many chromosomes would be found in the egg cell for this organism?
22
The following karyotype shows the number of chromosomes in a diploid cell. How many chromosomes are there?
44
How do the cells produced in meiosis compare to parent (germ) cells?
They are different.
What are homologous chromosomes?
chromosomes that are the same size and contain the same genes
A squirrel egg cell contains 20 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would a squirrel skin cell contain?
40 (diploid)
How many chromosomes do diploid human cells contain?
46
How many chromosomes do haploid human cells contain?
23
What is a zygote?
A fertilized cell made from the combination of sperm and egg.
Given an example for a phenotype.
Brown eyes, black hair, 5'6", etc.
Give an example of a genotype.
HH, Hh, hh, homozygous dominant, etc.
Give an example of a trait.
Hair color, eye color, height, etc.
When does crossing over occur and what form of DNA is involved?
Meiosis 1- genes from homologous chromosomes are switched.
How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
23
What is genetic recombination? Give an example of a process that contributes to this.
Genetic recombination is the mixing of genetic information that can be passed from parent to offspring- Ex: Crossing over, independent assortment, segregation
How are gametes formed?
Meiosis
How can you tell if a situation is demonstrating a codominant pattern for inheritance?
The heterozygote will have both parent phenotypes present.
How can you tell if a situation is demonstrating a complete dominance pattern for inheritance?
The heterozygote will have the parent phenotype with the stronger allele.
Draw a punnett square for two heterozygous parents with purple phenotypes (dominant to white). Summarize the genotype and phenotype for both the parents and offspring.
Parent 1: Bb (purple), Parent 2: Bb (purple), 1/4 offspring: BB (purple), 2/4 offspring: Bb (purple), 1/4 offspring: bb (white)
probability
the likelihood that a certain event will occur
heterozygous
genotype with two different types of alleles
homozygous
genotype with two of the same type of allele
recessive allele
weaker allele that will only result in a recessive phenotype when two of these alleles are present in a genotype
dominant allele
allele that is stronger than another so that the trait of an organism will show the dominant phenotype when at least one dominant allele is present
What is a phenotype?
The physical appearance of an organism due to the genotype inherited by an organism.
What is a genotype?
The combination of letter alleles donated from each parent that determine's an organisms phenotype for a particular trait.
What is a trait?
A characteristic of an organism that is specified by an organism's genotype and expressed by an organism's phenotype.
What is a gamete?
A sex cell produced from meiosis (sperm or egg)
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