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Unit 04 Genetics Vocabulary and Terms Practice
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Helix
Something spiral in form.
Complimentary DNA
The concept that the 2 strands of a DNA molecule are opposite in terms of Base pairing A-T and C-G.
Gregor Mendel
father of genetics, studied pea plants
Incomplete Dominance "Blended"
Cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another resulting in combined traits.
Genome
All the genetic information in an organism; ALL of an organism's chromosomes.
Codominance
A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
Genotype
Allele "letter" combination ex: Tt, tt, TT, (letter "code". The "recipe" that shows what trait will be observed.
Phenotype
Physical observation or description of the alleles, ex: blue, brown, short, tall, round (descriptive word)
Hybrid
The offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule (a hybrid of a donkey and a horse)
Purebred
an organism that always produces offspring with the same traits as their parents, homozygous alleles
Adaptation
Any inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of survival in its environment.
Probability
The chance of something happening.
Recessive
Trait that only shows if both alleles are recessive. Lower case alleles to represent.
Dominant
A trait that always shows up if present. We use capital allele to represent.
Mutation
A change in a gene or chromosome that leads to new traits.
Heterozygous
two different alleles for a trait - Tt
Homozygous
two identical alleles for a trait - TT, tt
homo-
same, alike, similar
Punnett Square
A chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles.
Alleles
Different forms of a gene. We use letters to express them. Ex: height (trait) TT ,Tt, tt
Chromosomes
A tiny, threadlike structure in a cell's nucleus that contains genetic material.
Variation
Any difference between individual offspring of the same species.
Offspring
A new organism produced by one or more parents
Heredity
The passing of traits from parent to offspring
Genes
Contains the directions for what traits you have. They are formed by DNA. Tells cells what proteins to make.
Trait
physical characteristics used to describe an organism ex: color, height, size, shape, etc..
Genetics
Scientific study of heredity and how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.
Nurture
Our ENVIRONMENT, upbringing, and life experiences determine our behavior. We are "nurtured" to behave in certain ways.
Nature
Our GENETICS determine our behavior. Personality traits and abilities are in our "nature".
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