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Los Olivos 5th Course SocSci4 Spain in the Middl ...
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When did the Middle Ages begin?
The Middle Ages begain in 476 A.D. when the Roman Empire Fell
What happened in 476 A.D.
The Roman Empire fell and the Middle Ages began
Who caused the downfall of the Roman Empire?
Germanic tribes that invaded
What Germanic tribe came to the Iberian peninsula in the 5th Century A.D.? What did they establish and when??
The Visigoths. They established the Kingdom of Toledo in 507A.D.
What happened in 507 A.D.?
The Visigoths established the Kingdom of Toledo.
What was the Council of Toledo?
Meetings between the Visigoth king and the nobles and bishops.
What was the religion of the Visigoths?
They were Catholic Christians since the conversion of King Recaredo in 589 A.D.
What Visigothic artefacts do we preserve?
Jewels made of silver, gold and precious stones (like the Treasure of Guarrazar) and small stone churches (like the Church of San Juan de Baños)
What happened in 589 A.D.?
King Recaredo converted to Catholicism
What is Islam?
It is a religion that began in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century. Allah is their god, the Koran is their sacred book and Mohammed is their prophet.
What is the Holy Book of Islam?
The Koran
What happened in 711 A.D.?
The Muslims defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete and Al-Andalus became part of the Caliphate?
Who conquered the Kingdom of Toledo and when? What did they call it?
Muslim armies from the North of Africa invaded and conquered the Kingdom of Toledo, making it the Emirate of Al-Andalus, a new Muslim territory.
What was Al-Andalus from the year 711 to the year 929?
An Emirate, ruled by an Emir, part of a bigger Caliphate.
What was Al-Andalus from the year 929 to the year 1031?
The Cordoba Caliphate, declared independent by Abderraman III
What happened to Al-Andalus from the year 1031 to the year 1238?
It was divided into smaller, weaker and warring Taifa Kingdoms
What happened to Al-Andalus from the year 1238 to the year 1492?
The Christian Kingdoms conquered all the other Taifa Kingdoms until only the Kingdom of Granada was left
Where was the Capital of Al-Andalus?
In Cordoba
What is the name of the temple where muslims pray?
Mosque
What was the name of the market in Al-Andalus?
The souk (zoco)
What language did Muslims speak?
Arabic
What is an alcazaba?
It is a kind of fortress, where the governor lives.
What religions coexisted in Al-Andalus?
Christians, Jews and Muslims.
What crops were introduced by Muslims?
Rice, wheat and oranges. They also introduced irrigated farming
What are some famous Muslim buildings in Spain?
The Alhambra in Granada and the Great Mosque in Córdoba.
What years does the Cordoba Caliphate period of Al-Andalus comprehend?
From 929 to 1031
What years does the Taifa Kingdoms period of Al-Andalus comprehend?
From 1031 to 1283
What years does the Kingdom of Granada period of Al-Andalus comprehend?
From 1238 to 1429
What years does the Emirate period of Al-Andalus comprehend?
From 711 to 929
What did the Visigoths take from the Romans?
Their language, Latin, and their law.
Who was Saint Isidoro of Sevilla?
A Visigoth thinker and bishop who wrote the first encyclopedia.
Who was the prophet of Islam?
Mohammed
Who was don Pelayo?
A Visigoth noble and Christian leader who defeated the Muslims in 722 A.D. at the Battle of Covadonga.
What Christian Kingdoms at the end of the 15th century?
Kingdom of Portugal, Kingdom of Castilla, Kingdom of Navarra and Kingdom of Aragón.
How was society organised in the Christian Kingdoms?
Society was divided into clergy, nobles and peasants.
How was the government organised in the Christian Kingdoms?
The King ruled the country, but the countryside was divided into small areas ruled by a noble (the lord).
What two architectonic styles existed in the Christian Kingdoms?
Romanesque and Gothic.
What is the Reconquista?
The process by which the Christian kingdoms expanded to the south and conquered lands from Al-Andalus.
What happened in 1212?
The Christians defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tolosa and conquered most of Andalucia.
When was the Battle of Tolosa?
In 1212
When did the Reconquista end?
In 1492, when the Catholic Monarchs conquered the Kingdom of Granada.
What happened in 1085?
Alfonso VI, King of Castilla conquered Toledo from the Muslims.
When did Alfonso VI conquer Toledo from the Muslims?
In 1085
What happened in 1229?
Jaime I, King of Aragón, conquered the Balearic Islands.
What happened in 1244?
Jaime I, King of Aragón, conquered parts of Valencia from the Muslims.
What happened in 1248?
Fernando III, King of Castilla and León conquered Sevilla from the Muslims
What happened in 1236?
Fernando III, King of Castilla and León conquered Cordoba from the Muslims
What could Non-muslims do in Al-Andalus?
They could live where they wanted and practise their religion and do any job but could not have authority over a Muslim.
What couldn't Non-muslims do in Al-Andalus? What other obligations did they have?
They couldn't have authority over a muslim and couldn't carry weapons. They had to pay special taxes, wear a special badge and obey Muslim laws.
What did peasants do in the Christian Kingdoms?
Most people were peasants and lived in the countryside, they produced what they needed growing crops and raising animals
What are two examples of artisans in the Christian Kingdoms?
Millers and blacksmiths
Who copied and translated books in the Christian kingdoms?
Monks in monasteries
What characteristics did Romanesque churches have?
Thick walls, round arches and small windows.
What characteristics did Gothic churches have?
Thinner walls, pointed arches and large windows.
If you see a church with thinner walls, pointed arches and large windows... what architectural style is it?
Gothic
If you see a church with thick walls, round arches and small windows.... what architectural style is it?
Romanesque
Who was the ruler of a Christian Kingdom?
A King
Who was the ruler of the Caliphate?
The Caliph
Who was the ruler of an Emirate?
The Emir
When did the Reconquista begin? When did it finish?
The Reconquista began in 722, when don Pelayo defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Covadonga. It finished in 1492, when the Catholic Monarchs conquered Granada
What four political periods did Al-Andalus go through?
Emirate, Cordoba Caliphate, Taifa Kingdoms and Kingdom of Granada
Who defended the noblemen and the King in the Christian Kingdoms?
The knights
What did the knights do in the Christian Kingdoms?
They defended the noblemen and the King.


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