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Earth Science Spring Final Study Guide
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The jet stream is most affected by the difference in temperature between which areas of the world?
Poles and equator (extreme cold and hot)
List three kinds of fog.
Radiation, valley, advection, etc.
Explain how we get clues to what the climate was like in the past (2 ways)
Answers will vary, but could include studying fossils, glacier cores, coral reefs, tree rings, etc.
Do ocean ridges form where tectonic plates are moving away from each other or toward each other?
Away from each other
Define rip current.
Strong current moving water from the shore to the open sea
What is the area where most plants and animals live in the ocean called?
Sunlit Zone
What organism produces most of the oxygen in the ocean?
Algae
What is the largest ocean on earth?
Pacific Ocean
What are animals that can glow in the dark called?
Bioluminescent
What is a large collection of colonies of polyps?
Coral Reef
What are two methods for desalinating ocean water? (taking the salt out)
-Naturally through evaporation -Man-made through heating water, collecting evaporation (minerals left behind)
Define submersible.
Vehicle for deep-sea exploration
Define Trench.
Very deep valley in the ocean floor
When are tides higher? (location of sun/moon)
When the sun and moon are on the same side of the earth
When are tides lower? (location of sun/moon)
When the sun and moon are at right angles compared to the earth.
Describe one positive and one negative effect of waves.
Positive: harness energy, fun beach day:) Negative: Typhoons, erosion
Describe one way waves can be used to make electricity.
Buoy-like object that moves up and down harnessing energy. Temperature differences (evaporation, steam moving turbine). Barrages.
What else besides water does the ocean contain?
Minerals and gases
How do oceans play an important role in weather (1-2 ways)?
Evaporation--creating storms, moving water to places that need it. Provide fresh water to places (rain/storms) Answers will vary.
Define Relative Humidity
How much water vapor is in the air compared to how much it could hold at that temperature (percentage)
Define Absolute Humidity.
The amount of water vapor in the air
What is the most important piece of equipment for analyzing weather?
Computer (collects/analyzes all the data)
Near what do hurricanes form?
Equator
Water vapor that condenses in the air forms what?
Clouds
What can form when snow does not completely melt in summer?
Glaciers
The Genesis Flood set up environmental conditions just right for what?
Ice Age
Define Precipitation.
Water that falls from the atmosphere/sky
Earth’s atmosphere is 78% what and 21% what?
78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen
Define Climate.
The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time
What is responsible for most of the winds we experience on earth?
Sun
What is the study of earth’s atmosphere called?
Meteorology
What is one fascinating thing you’ve learned in Earth Science? (Must be specific)
Answers vary, but must be thoughtful
Why is private space research important?
Answers vary, but must be thoughtful
List two challenges unique to living and working in space.
Zero gravity work environment, isolation (far from home), radiation
Who was the first person to walk on the moon?
Neil Armstrong
What rocket was used in the Apollo space program?
Saturn V
Who challenged America to put a man on the moon before 1970?
John F. Kennedy
Who was the first man in space?
Yuri Gagarin
What wartime invention led to space exploration?
Rockets
What was designed to protect astronauts in space?
Space suit
What are the main two elements found in the sun?
Hydrogen and Helium
How does the moon shine?
It reflects the light from the sun
Define Maria (on the moon).
Large, dark plains formed by basalt from ancient volcanic eruptions
Does the same side of the moon always face the earth? Explain.
Yes--because of the earth’s rotation/revolution compared to that of the moon
Is it dangerous to look at the sun during a total eclipse?
Yes
How do animals act when a solar eclipse occurs?
Like night is falling
Does a total solar eclipse cause the whole earth to become dark?
No, just a couple hundred miles wide
What is the cause of the aurora borealis?
Solar flares
The energy from the sun is a similar process as what?
Hydrogen Bomb
What type of eclipse is this?
Solar Eclipse
Which type of eclipse is this?
Lunar Eclipse
List the planets in our solar system in order from closest to the sun outward.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, (Pluto)
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