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AL-ANDALUS QUESTIONS
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Why didn't the Muslims conquer the North of the peninsula?
Because of the orography that complicated its conquest and it caused the Muslims to soon lose interest in occupying these areas.
King Roderick (Rodrigo)
Visigoth king who fought in the Battle of Guadalete against the Muslims.
WHAT WAS THE RECONQUEST?
A long series of battles (Christians and Muslims) to recover the territories under the Muslim control
WHICH ARE THE 2 MAIN CAUSES OF THE CONQUEST OF THE VISIGOTHIC KINGDOM?
1- The political expansion of Islam through the holy war (jihad) 2-The pre-existing crisis in the peninsular territories.
NAME THE 5 PERIODS OF AL-ANDALUS
Dependent Emirate (711-755) - Independent Emirate (756-929) - CĂłrdoba Caliphate (929-1030) -Taifa kingdoms (1031-1212) - kingdom of Granada (1238-1492)
Independent Emirate (756-929)
In 756, Abd al-Rahman I, an Umayyad prince came to Al-Andalus escaping from the Abbasids of Baghdad. He proclaimed himself independent emir
Caliph
A Muslim ruler with a political and religious power.
Al- Andalus
It was the name given to the territories under Muslim rule.
Almanzor
The Cordoban leader who led continuous attacks against the Christian kingdoms
Boaddil
He was the last Muslim king in Al-Andalus.
Almohads
Another group of Berbers from North Africa
Almoravids
They were Berbers from Morocco.
Al-Hakam II
The architect of the Cordoba's mosque expansion
Abd-al-Rahman III
The emir Abd-al-Rahman III proclaimed himself caliph in 929
THE MUSLIM SOCIETY WAS DIVIDED IN TO 2 GROUPS
- Muslims: Arabs, Berbers, Muladies - Non-Muslims: Mozarabs and Jews - Slavs
NAME THE MAIN SOURCES OF MUSLIM ECONOMY AND WRITE AN EXAMPLE.
- Commercial and craft production: leather - Trade:gold - Agriculture: olives
NAME THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS.
· Kingdom of Asturias · Kingdom of Leon · Kingdom of Castile · Kingdom of Navarre · Kingdom of Aragon · Catalan counties
YEAR 1492
The kingdom of Granada was conquered by the Catholic Monarchs.
YEAR 722
Battle of Covadonga in 722. This was the first victory of the Christians against the Muslims.
YEAR 1212
The Almohads were defeated at the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.
YEAR 732
Battle of Poitiers. The Muslims were stopped by the Franks, commanded by Charles Martel.
YEAR 1085
The Christians took Toledo.
YEAR 756
Abd al-Rahman I proclaimed himself independent emir
YEAR 1031
The Caliphate of Cordoba was divided into 28 kingdoms called Taifas.
YEAR 711
The Battle of Guadalete. ( Muslims vs Visigoths. Muslims won.)
YEAR 507
The Visigoths established their kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula
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