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Two balloons are both rubbed with the same wool cloth. What happens when they are brought close together?
They repel — both carry the same type of charge
State the rule for electrostatic charges in one sentence.
Like charges repel; unlike charges attract
After rubbing a perspex rod (now positive) with wool, what charge does the wool carry?
Negative charge
A perspex rod is rubbed with wool and becomes positively charged. What moved — protons or electrons?
Electrons — they moved from the perspex rod onto the wool
Is gravity a direct or indirect force? Explain why.
Indirect — gravity can pull objects toward each other without them touching
Ignoring air resistance, which falls faster: a golf ball or a bowling ball dropped from the same height?
Neither — they fall at the same rate (all objects fall at the same rate under gravity)
A student weighs 490 N on Earth. Gravity on the Moon is about 1/6 of Earth's. What is their weight on the Moon?
Approximately 82 N
A student has a mass of 50 kg. What is their mass on the Moon?
50 kg — mass does not change with location
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object (kg); weight is the gravitational force pulling on that mass (N)
What property must objects have for gravity to act between them?
Mass
A student holds a magnet near a pile of copper coins. What will happen and why?
Nothing — copper is not a magnetic material so it is not attracted to the magnet
Why does a compass needle point north?
Earth has a magnetic field caused by its iron core and the compass needle aligns with it
Name ONE material that is strongly attracted to a magnet.
Iron (or steel / nickel / cobalt)
State the rule for magnetic poles in one sentence.
Like poles repel; unlike poles attract
What happens when a north pole and a south pole are brought close together?
They attract (pull toward each other)
What happens when two north poles of magnets are brought close together?
They repel (push apart)
A magnet pulls a nail toward it without touching it. Is this a direct or indirect force?
Indirect (non-contact) force
What is a 'field' in science?
The region around an object where its force can be felt by other objects
Name the THREE indirect (non-contact) forces studied in Stage 4 science.
Gravity, magnetism, and electrostatic force
What do we call a force that can push or pull an object WITHOUT touching it?
An indirect (non-contact) force
Name TWO examples of direct (contact) forces.
Any two of: friction, tension, normal force, compression, applied push or pull
A student pushes a trolley. What type of force is the push?
A direct (contact) force
When a ball rolls across a carpet and slows down, which direct force is acting on it?
Friction
A rope connecting a boat to a dock is pulled tight. What is the name of the force acting along the rope?
Tension
A book rests on a table. The table pushes back up on the book. What is the name of this contact force?
The normal force
What do we call a force where two objects must be touching for the force to act?
A direct (contact) force
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