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What is the name of the particles that flow through wires in a circuit?
Electrons
Which terminal do electrons leave from in a cell?
The negative terminal
What type of energy does a cell convert, and into what?
Chemical energy into electrical energy
What two metals were used in the lemon cell experiment?
Zinc and copper
In the lemon cell experiment, what acts as the electrolyte?
The lemon juice
What are the charged particles that travel through the electrolyte called?
Ions
What is an electrolyte in a cell?
A substance that allows charged particles (ions) to flow between the two metals
What is a cell made from?
Two different metals (electrodes) and a chemical substance (electrolyte)
What is the difference between a cell and a battery?
A battery is made up of multiple cells
What is a cell?
A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy
In a series circuit, how is voltage shared between bulbs?
It is shared (split) between them
In a parallel circuit, what happens to the voltage across each branch?
It is the same as the supply voltage
What is the rule for voltage in a parallel circuit?
The voltage across the supply is the same as across each branch
What is the rule for voltage in a series circuit?
The voltage across the supply equals the sum of the voltages across each component
How is a voltmeter connected in a circuit?
In parallel - across a component
What instrument is used to measure voltage?
A voltmeter
What unit is used to measure voltage?
Volts (V)
What is voltage?
The energy carried by electrons
Why is current the same everywhere in a series circuit?
Because there is only one path for the current to flow
Where must an ammeter be placed to measure current?
In series - you must break into the circuit to insert it
What is the rule for current in a parallel circuit?
The currents in the branches add up to the total current from the battery (A1 = A2 + A3)
In a series circuit, how does the current at different points compare?
It is the same at all points
Give a real-life example of a parallel circuit in the home
Household lighting / plug sockets in a room
Name one advantage of a parallel circuit
If one component breaks, the others continue to work
What happens to the other bulbs in a parallel circuit if one bulb breaks?
They are not affected and continue to work
What happens to the brightness of bulbs as more are added to a parallel circuit?
They stay the same brightness
How many paths does current have in a parallel circuit?
More than one path (branches)
Name one disadvantage of a series circuit
If one component breaks, all components stop working
Name one advantage of a series circuit
All components can be turned on and off at the same time
What happens to the brightness of bulbs as more are added to a series circuit?
They get dimmer
What happens to all the bulbs in a series circuit if one bulb breaks?
They all go out
How many paths does the current have in a series circuit?
One
In which direction do electrons flow in a circuit?
From the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a cell
What must exist for an electrical current to flow?
A complete circuit
Name one example of an insulator
Any non-metal e.g. plastic, rubber, wood
Name one example of a conductor
Any metal (e.g. copper, iron) or graphite
What is an insulator?
A material that does not allow electrical current to pass through it
What is a conductor?
A material that allows electrical current to pass through it
What type of energy do batteries convert to electrical energy?
Chemical energy
What unit is used to measure electrical current?
Amps (A)
What piece of equipment is used to measure electrical current?
An ammeter
What is electrical current?
The flow of negative charges (electrons) around a circuit
What happens when two opposite charges are brought together?
They attract each other
What happens when two charges of the same type are brought together?
They repel each other
What are the two types of electrical charge?
Positive and negative
What do we call electricity that builds up on a material when it is rubbed?
Static electricity
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