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BIOTECH GREEK AND LATIN WORDS: EXAMPLES
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genomics
the branch of molecular biology concerned with the structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes
genome
the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism
hydrophobic
tending to repel or fail to mix with water
hydrophilic
having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water
monomer
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
diploid
containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
ligase
an enzyme that brings about the ligation or joining of DNA or another substance
chromatin
the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed
morphogenesis
the biological process that causes a cell, tissue or organism to develop its shape
phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
prokaryote
a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles
eukaryote
an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus
exocytosis
a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior
endonuclease
an enzyme that cleaves a polynucleotide chain by separating nucleotides internally
heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene
homozygous
having two identical alleles of a particular gene
oligonucleotide
a polynucleotide whose molecules contain a relatively small number of nucleotides
polymerase
an enzyme that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids
transgenic
containing genetic material into which DNA from an unrelated organism has been artificially introduced
bacteriophage
a virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it
pathogenic
causing or capable of producing disease
chromosome
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein carrying genetic information
glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes
cytoplasm
the jelly-like substance filling a cell
karyotype
the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei
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