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Nervous System Test Part 1
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What are the functions of ependymas?
secrete and assist in circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What are the functions of oligodendrocytes?
form myelin sheaths in the brain and spinal cord
What are the functions of microglia?
structural support, phagocytosis of microorganisms and damaged tissue
What are two of the functions of astrocytes?
structural support, formation of scar tissue to replace damaged neurons, transport of substances between blood vessels and neurons, communicate with one another
What are the structural characteristics of ependyma?
cuboidal cells lining cavities of the brain and spinal cord
What are the structural characteristics of oligodendrocytes?
shaped like astrocytes, but with fewer cellular processes; wraps around axons
What are the structural characteristics of microglia?
small cells with slender processes
What are the structural characteristics of astrocytes?
star-shaped cells contacting neurons and blood vessels; most abundant type
What are the two neuroglia located in the PNS? (Bonus)
Schwann cells, satellite cells
What are the four neuroglia located in the CNS?
astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependyma
What structure does a motor neuron have?
Multipolar
What structure does an interneuron have?
Multipolar
What structure does a sensory neuron have?
Most unipolar, some bipolar
What are the functional characteristics of a motor neuron?
conducts impulses from the brain or spinal cord out to muscles or glands
What are the functional characteristics of an interneuron?
transmits impulses between neurons in the brain and the spinal cord
What are the functional characteristics of a sensory neuron?
conducts impulses from receptors in peripheral body parts into the brain/spinal cord
What are the names of the three functional neurons?
Sensory (afferent) Neuron, interneuron, motor (efferent) neuron
Where are unipolar neurons located?
most sensory neurons
Where are bipolar neurons located?
in the receptor parts of the eyes, nose, and ears (rare)
Where are multipolar neurons located?
in the brain and spinal cord
What are the structural characteristics of a unipolar neuron?
cell body with a single process that divides into two branches and functions as an axon
What are the structural characteristics of a bipolar neuron?
cell body with one axon and one dendrite
WHat are the structural characteristics of a multipolar neuron?
cell body with one axon and multiple dendrites
What are the three types of polar neurons?
unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar
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