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i. Scale:

Under 7 = acid 7 = neutral Over 7 = base

alpha beta gramma

alpha can stops at paper beta stops at wood gamma stops at stone

c. Half Life-

The time it takes for half the original quantity of the element to decay

iii. Buoyancy-

When Buoyant force is greater than gravity.

ii. Flotation-

Displacing a weight of liquid equal to its own weight. An object sinks when it weighs more than the water it displaces

i. Archimedes Principle-

The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced (Force of buoyancy = force of gravity x displaced)

c. Buoyant force-

The upward force exerted on an object in a fluid

b. Density = mass/volume

If density goes up then the mass will go up And vice versa. ii. If volume goes up density will go down.

a. Pressure-

is the measure of force acting on a unit area. i. Pressure in liquid depend on dept

a. Balancing equations-

link

c. Compound-

is made up of two or more DIFFERENT elem

b. Molecule-

two or more elements that are chemically joined together

a. Atom-

are the building blocks of matter

b. Chemical:

There is a change in the way the atoms are chemically bonded to one another. It involve combining different substances.

a. Physical:

a substance changes its phase or some other physical property, but NOT its chemical identity. It is just the way it looks.

d. Wave interference-

the interaction between waves that meet

c. Absorption-

occurs when the energy is not transferred through, or reflected by, the given medium.

b. Refraction-

the bending of waves as they enter a new medium at an angle

a. Reflection-

the bouncing back of an object or a wave

b. Convex mirrors -

image is larger and farther away than the object.

a. Concave mirrors-

image formed is smaller and appears closer to the mirror

a. Relationship between wavelength and frequency

Longer wavelength = Lower frequency Frequency (f) × Wavelength (λ)= Speed of light(c)

5. Doppler effect-

changes in frequency due to motion.

4. Resonance-

occurs whenever successive impulses are applied to a vibrating object in rhythm with its natural frequency. (pushing someone on swing to go higher)

7. Amplitude-

The height of a wave from resting position to top (crest)

5. Pitch-

the frequency of sound Lower the frequency = lower the pitch Human ear can hear pitches in 20 to 20,000 Hz

3. Wavelength-

the distance between two identical points in the adjacent cycles of a wave

3. Wavelength-

the distance between two identical points in the adjacent cycles of a wave

2. Period

time it takes to complete one cycle of the wave

1. Frequency-

the number of cycles in a second

i. Distinguish between transverse/longitudinal

Transverse (Light) perpendicular to the direction of propagation but in longitudinal (Sound) the motion of particles is along the direction of propagation

vi. Types of circuits-

Hydraulic circuit Electric circuit

iv. Types of current-

Direct Current - flows in one direction Alternating Current- flows back and forth with alternating direction

iii. Voltage-

is the difference in charge between two points.

ii. Current-

is the rate at which charge is flowing.

i. Resistance-

is a material’s tendency to resist the flow of current.

ii. Insulators -

a substance which does not readily allow the passage of heat or sound.

i. Conductor-

the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance

d. Thermal Energy

- in a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules. It consists of all the potential and kinetic energy of the particles in a substance while i

c. Basic temperature scale values freezing and boiling points

Freezing 32 °F / Boiling point 212 °F

Temperature

- is a measure of the thermal energy that has been absorbed or transferred from one body to another.

Heat

is a measure of the thermal energy that has been absorbed or transferred from one body to another.

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