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What ideas of the Enlightenment did Catherine the Great use?
Freedom of Religion, Abolish Torture, Abolish capital punishment.
What country did Catherine the Great rule?
Russia.
What change did Joseph II make for the poor?
He required that they be paid in cash.
What ideas were supported by Joseph II?
Freedom of Press, Freedom of Religion, Legal court reforms.
What were rulers who embraced the Enlightenment called?
Enlightened Despots.
Who did novels become very popular with?
The middle class.
How did music change during the Enlightenment?
It became more elegant and complicated.
What cultures did the Neoclassical movement borrow ideas from?
Greece and Rome
What does the prefix neo mean?
New
How would you describe the Baroque style of the 1600s?
Overly ornate and extremely fancy.
How did the French government and the Catholic Church react to Diderot's Encyclopedia?
They were against it.
What was Diderot's Encyclopedia?
A book containing articles from different Enlightenment scholars.
In terms of the Enlightenment, what is a salon?
A social gathering to discuss Enlightenment ideas.
What city became the center of the Enlightenment?
Paris
Whose ideas are best reflected by the phrase, "To learn who rules over you, simply find out who you are not allowed to criticize."
Voltaire
What change did Mary Wollstonecraft want to make for women during this time?
They should receive an equal education.
What did Beccaria want to get rid of?
Tortue and capital punishment.
What change did Rousseau believe should happen in society?
It should be classless with no nobility.
What kind of government did Rousseau believe was the only true government?
Direct Democracy.
What idea did Montesquieu come up with?
Separation of governmental powers.
What rights did Voltaire push for people to have in France?
Freedom of speech and religion.
What are 3 of the the five pillars of the Philosophes?
Reason, Happiness, Progress, Nature, Liberty
What did Locke believe people should do if their government was corrupt or ineffective?
Overthrow it and form a new one.
What are Locke's natural rights?
life, liberty, property.
What is the social contract according to Hobbes?
Agreement to give up freedom in exchange for law and order.
What is Hobbes opinion on government and law?
A strong king needs power in order to maintain peace.
What did the Enlightenment stress that people use to solve their problems?
Logic and Reason
What is inoculation?
Giving someone a small dose of a disease to allow their immune system to fight it.
How id Andreas Vesalius help our scientific understanding of Anatomy?
He wrote a book detailing the organs, muscles, and bones of the body.
What was invented by Gabriel Fahrenheit?
Thermometer
What did Zacharias Janssen invent?
Microscope
What did Newton believe had caused the Earth to work in such perfect order?
God
What is the force that Newton believed applied to all objects on Earth and in space according to their size and distance apart?
Gravity.
How did Galileo's trail for blasphemy end?
He confessed that his ideas were false.
What was Galileo's first book called?
Starry Messenger
Why did Copernicus wait to publish his writings?
He was afraid of the response from the Church.
How was Heliocentric Theory created?
Through observation and mathematics.
What conclusion did Copernicus reach about the heavens?
The Earth rotates around the Sun.
What is Geocentric Theory?
Belief that the Earth is the center of the universe.
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