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6th Grade SS Class Mesopotamia
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When was Mesopotamia first settled by farmers?
As early as 6000 BCE
Where were the first towns developed?
Modern-day Iraq
What did growing villages become over time?
Towns with neighbourhoods and public buildings
Why were megalithic sites built?
To connect with ancestors and the spiritual world
What was found around Stonehenge?
Burials
When were Stonehenge’s stones completed?
Around 2550 BCE
What is the most famous megalithic site?
Stonehenge
What are megaliths?
Huge stones
What major structures appeared after 4500 BCE?
Spectacular religious structures
What were shamans believed to have?
Supernatural power
Who may have created much cave art?
Shamans
What roles did shamans serve?
Doctors, priests, medicine men
What grain was in Ötzi’s last meal?
Einkorn wheat
Name items found with Ă–tzi.
Copper axe, unfinished bow, flint knife
When did Ă–tzi live?
Around 3350 BCE
Where was Ă–tzi found?
Ă–tztal Alps
What year was Ă–tzi found?
1991
What was sometimes buried with the dead?
Goods or figures
What belief did many cultures share?
After-life and higher power
What animals pulled early chariots?
Horses
What vehicle was used after 3000 BCE?
Chariots
What invention may have come from the potter’s wheel?
Wheeled transportation
What did copper allow?
More innovation and trade
Which precious metals were used early?
Gold and silver
Name early copper items.
Axes, beads
When were early copper objects made?
Around 5000 BCE
What materials were early tools made from?
Stone, bone, wood
How did potters make large pots?
By joining coils or shaping a lump of clay
What were round-bottom pots used for?
Storing liquids and grains
What were bowls used for?
Cooking and eating
What material were early vessels made from?
Fired clay
Name some Neolithic jobs.
Herding, farming, hunting, preparing food, foraging
Why did specific roles develop in growing villages?
People no longer knew everyone
Which later cultures did Mesopotamia influence?
Persia and Greece
What science involved mapping stars?
Astronomy
What modern measurement uses base-60?
Time
What mathematical system did they use?
Base-60 system
What architecture is Mesopotamia known for?
Ziggurats and city planning
What did Babylon’s legal system influence?
Future civilizations
What writing system spread throughout the region?
Cuneiform
Which god was especially worshipped in Babylon?
Marduk
Who were respected in Babylon?
Scribes, priests, scholars
What goods did Babylonian merchants trade?
Grain, textiles, spices
Who studied stars in Babylon?
Astronomers
What major structures were built in Babylon?
Canals, temples, walls
Along which river was Babylon located?
Euphrates River
What did Babylon become a centre of?
Law, learning, culture
What famous law code did Hammurabi create?
Code of Hammurabi
Around what year did Hammurabi rule?
1792 BCE
Who was Babylon’s most famous king?
Hammurabi
Which city-state became a powerful empire?
Babylon
Name some luxury goods traded with Akkad.
Timber, silver, copper
What did Akkadian artists create?
Detailed stone carvings
Who supported the empire with food and labour?
Farmers and labourers
Who defended the borders?
Soldiers
Who ruled large territories in the Akkadian Empire?
Kings
How long did Akkadian power last?
About 200 years
What did the Akkadians expand?
Trade networks and military strength
What language did the Akkadians spread?
Akkadian
What did Sargon create?
One of the world’s first empires
Around what year did Sargon rule?
2334 BCE
Who united the Sumerian city-states?
Sargon of Akkad
Who lived north of Sumer?
Akkadians
What type of religion did Sumerians practice?
Polytheism
What did labourers build?
Canals, temples, walls
What famous story comes from Sumer?
Epic of Gilgamesh
Who recorded laws, trade, and stories?
Scribes
What did traders exchange?
Goods with distant lands
What did craftsmen produce in Sumer?
Pottery, jewelry, tools
What crops did Sumerian farmers grow?
Barley, wheat, dates
Who held great power in Sumer?
Priests and kings
What were ziggurats?
Temple towers
What writing system did Sumerians invent?
Cuneiform
Name a Sumerian city-state.
Ur / Uruk / Eridu
What was the first major civilization in Mesopotamia?
Sumer
Around what year did Sumer begin?
4500 BCE
Where was Sumer located?
Southern Mesopotamia
What kind of political units formed in early Mesopotamia?
City-states
What system allowed early settlers to control water?
Irrigation
What nickname is given to Mesopotamia?
Cradle of Civilization
What region had rich soil ideal for farming?
Fertile Crescent
Which two other modern countries include parts of Mesopotamia?
Syria and Turkey
Where is Mesopotamia mostly located today?
Iraq
Which two rivers border Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates
Mesopotamia means what?
Land between the rivers
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