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REVIEW UNIT 3 MATERIALS
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Why do iron cans and cars sometimes turn a reddish-brown color?
Because the iron reacts with oxygen and forms rust.
Give one example of a chemical reaction.
Examples: burning wood, mixing cement powder with water, rusting of metal.
What is the name of the process when substances react and form a new substance?
A chemical reaction.
Is change of state a physical or chemical process?
It is a physical process.
What happens to melted metal after it cools?
It solidifies and becomes a solid again.
Why must metals like gold and silver be heated to very high temperatures to melt?
Because metals require very high temperatures to melt.
When a liquid loses heat and becomes solid again, what is this change of state called?
Freezing or solidifying.
What happens to the particles in a liquid when it cools down?
The particles move slower and closer together.
Why do solids melt when they gain enough energy?
Because the particles gain enough energy to move away from each other.
What happens to the particles in a solid when heat is added?
They gain energy, move faster, and move further apart.
Why do solids, liquids, and gases behave differently?
Because their particles are arranged and move differently.
Why do scientists use particle models?
To explain how substances behave using particle arrangements and movement.
What happens to water particles when they are cooled?
They move slower and become more tightly packed (solidify).
Is the change of state a physical or chemical process? Explain briefly.
Physical process; the substance stays the same, only the state changes.
When heating ice, what state changes take place?
Solid (ice) → liquid (water).
Why can powders like flour be poured?
Powders are made of tiny grains with spaces between them, allowing them to flow.
What do powders and liquids have in common?
Both can be poured.
Give one example of a liquid that can solidify.
Examples: water to ice, melted wax to solid wax.
Give one example of a solid that can melt.
Examples: ice, butter, chocolate, wax.
What is solidifying?
Solidifying is when a liquid changes into a solid by cooling.
What is melting?
Melting is when a solid changes into a liquid by heating.
What happens to the particles of a solid when it is heated?
They gain energy and move faster; the solid may melt.
Why do solids keep their shape?
Because the particles are tightly packed and cannot move freely.
Why can liquids change shape easily?
Because the particles can slide past each other.
How are particles arranged in a liquid?
Particles in a liquid are close together but not in a fixed pattern.
How are particles arranged in a solid?
Particles in a solid are packed tightly in a regular pattern.
Why can’t we see particles with our eyes?
Because particles are too small to see.
What is the difference between a material and a substance?
A material is what an object is made from; a substance is a pure material (not mixed).
Give one example of a solid, one liquid, and one gas.
Examples: solid – wood/metal/ice; liquid – water/juice/oil; gas – air/oxygen.
What is matter made of?
Matter is made of particles.
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