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Logic Quarter 1
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Evidence that challenges the truth, likelihood, or reliability of other evidence.
counter-evidence
When an argument's supporting evidence is robust and its claim's warrant is clear, it is said to be ______.
reasonable or strong
A principle that applies when we're explaining things. It says that our explanations shouldn't make more assumptions than necessary.
Occam's razor
A good reason taht connects an argument's evidence to its claim.
warrant
A kind of reasoning that claims its conclusions are probable or even only possible.
Induction
A kind of reasoning that claims its conclusions are certain.
Deduction
An imaginary story designed to challenge our thinking.
Thought experiment
A valid deductive argument with true premises.
Sound argument
A deductive argument in which it is not possible for the premises to be true but the conclusion to be false.
Valid argument
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.
inference
Deductive, Inductive, or Abductive? "The butler had a weapon and the opportunity. He probably had a motive, too. It’s likely that he committed the crime."
inductive
Deductive, Inductive, or Abductive? "All aliens like snickerdoodles. Fred is an alien. Therefore, Fred likes snickerdoodles."
deductive
When we strongly believe something (even without evidence).
certitude
When we believe something that is proved beyond doubt.
certainty
An attempt to give reasons for a point of view.
Argument
Certainty or certitude? "I know I aced that test. I've seen the grades the teacher just posted."
certainty
Certainty or certitude? "The butler committed the crime. I'm sure of it because of how sketchy the guy looks."
certitude
Is this a proposition? "What is your favorite kind of cookie?"
no
Focuses on words, statements, and arguments in natural conversation.
Informal logic
Name the three acts of the mind.
understanding, judging, reasoning
Which act of the mind? "No gerbils are invisible. That’s because all invisible things are cats, and no cats are gerbils."
3rd
A ______ is the main point, supported by the argument's premises.
conclusion/claim
Which act of the mind? "Milk and cereal go well together."
2nd
The common definition for logic is that it is the art and science of _____ well.
reasoning
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