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Biology 2nd midterm
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In which cell is the capsule found, and what is its description?
Prokaryotic, and it is the outermost layer that protects the cell.
Function of Golgi aparatus
Classify proteins
What is the difference between Smooth RE and Rough RE?
Rough has ribosomes on the surface and packages proteins; smooth doesn't have ribosomes and synthesize lipids and carbohydrates
What organelle is 80% of the plant cell?
vacuole
What organelle is this?
Golgi aparatus
What organelle is this?
Chloroplast
What organelle is this?
mitochondria
Fermentation occurs in the absence of ______ and therefore is __________.
oxygen, anaerobic
Which process produces more energy: fermentation or aerobic respiration?
aerobic respiration
In which organelle does aerobic cellular respiration mainly occur?
Mitochondria
Which molecule works as the energy currency of the cell?
ATP
What is the type of metabolism called that breaks down molecules to release energy?
Catabolism
What is the type of metabolism called that builds complex molecules?
Anabolism
What does the nucleus contain?
DNA
What is the main function of the mitochondria?
To produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
Which structures do not have a membrane?
Ribosomes, centrioles
Which organelles have a single membrane?
Lysosomes, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
Which organelles have a double membrane?
Nucleous, mitochondrias y chloroplasts
Mention one difference between animal and plant cells.
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
Cells that do have a nucleus and organelles are called ...
eukaryotic cells.
Cells that do not have a nucleus are called...
prokaryotic cells.
The three postulates of the cell theory are:
Todos los seres vivos están formados por células; la célula es la unidad básica de la vida; toda célula proviene de otra célula.
A balanced diet should include:
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Which nutrients are needed in small amounts but are essential for health?
Vitamins
Which biomolecules are made up of amino acids and are essential for cellular structure and functions?
Proteins
Which biomolecules are used to store long-term energy and form cell membranes?
Lipids
Which biomolecules are the main source of energy for the body?
Carbohydrates
Which property allows water to stick to other surfaces?
Adhesion
Which property allows water molecules to attract each other?
Cohesion
Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances?
Polarity
Which molecule is essential for all living things and makes up about 70% of the human body?
Water
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