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Diseases and Immune System
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Are non infectious diseases always harmless
No
What response brings extra white blood cells to an infected area?
Inflammation
Why do vaccines give immunity without illness?
They make the body produce antibodies without infection
Name one possible form of a vaccine?
Dead pathogen, Live but non virulent pathogen, mRNA, Weakened or inactive toxin
Vaccination is an example of which immunity?
Acquired active immunity
Giving a person antigens to stimulate immunity is called what?
Vaccination
Babies receive antibodies from placenta or breast milk what is this called?
Natural passive immunity
If no antibodies exist how long may it take to make new ones?
Up to a week
What type of immunity occurs when you make your own antibodies after infection?
Natural active immunity
What proteins bind to matching antigens like a key in a lock?
Antibodies
Is the third line specific or non specific?
Specific
What chemical markers help immune cells recognise self from non self?
Antigens
What cells are produced to kill pathogens?
White blood cells
What is the process of engulfing and destroying pathogens called?
Phagocytosis
What white blood cells engulf and digest pathogens?
Phagocytes
What second line response raises body temperature to hinder pathogens?
Fever
Which second line process increases blood supply and causes swelling?
Inflammation
Which second line process prevents further infection through wounds?
Blood clotting
Is the second line specific or non specific?
Non specific
What nickname describes the second line response after entry?
Seek and destroy
Do viruses have a protective coat that helps them move through barriers?
Yes
Why are breaks in the skin risky?
They allow entry for pathogens
What structures around eyes nose and ears help catch particles?
Hairs
What wet linings trap pathogens at body openings?
Mucous membranes
What is the main physical barrier in the first line?
Skin
How many lines of defence does the immune system have?
Three
What is the main job of the immune system?
Protect the body from foreign invaders
A non spreading tumour is called what?
Benign
A spreading invasive tumour is called what?
Malignant
What do we call faulty cells that keep dividing?
Tumours
Environmental factors like toxins or radiation can lead to what?
Disease
If a mutation occurs in eggs or sperm can it be passed to children?
Yes
Genetic disorders are caused by mutations in what?
DNA or chromosomes
Excessive alcohol can cause failure of which organ?
Liver
Smoking greatly increases the risk of what class of disease?
Cancers
Which lifestyle related disease features high blood sugar?
Type 2 diabetes
Which condition is linked to high energy intake and low activity?
Obesity
Which disease is caused by lack of vitamin C?
Scurvy
Which cause category includes poor lifestyle choices?
Diet and lifestyle
Can you catch a non infectious disease from someone?
No
What is a non infectious disease
A disease not caused by pathogens and not contagious
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