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Endocrine system review
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Name the 2 hormones that are gonadotropins
FSH and LH
What is the primary hormone that is an androgen?
testosterone
What hormone literally means "substance that produces female?"
estrogen
What medical term means "increased sodium level in the blood?"
hypernatremia
What is the medical term for "decreased insulin in the blood?"
hypoinsulinemia
iodine has been added to salt in an attempt to decrease the incidence of this thyroid condition
goiter
List 3 signs/symptoms of IDDM
polydipsia, polyuria, poor wound healing, fatigue, weight loss, blurred vision, poor circulation to extremities
What is 1 thing that cretenism and hypothyroidism have in common? What is 1 thing that is different between the 2?
both result from decreased T3 and T4, cretinism occurs in infancy/childhood
Diabetes insipidus is caused by a(an)_________ in the hormone __________
decrease, ADH
What 2 hormones regulate blood calcium levels?
calcitonin and PTH
What 2 hormones regulate blood sugar?
insulin and glucagon
Name the 3 hormones that are secreted by the adrenal cortex
cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone
This condition occurs as a result of severe hyperglycemia
diabetic ketoacidosis
This condition can occur if hypoglycemia is not promptly recognized and treated
insulin shock
Which type of diabetes is the most common: IDDM, NIDDM, or gestational diabetes?
NIDDM
What type of diabetes occurs in pregnancy?
gestational diabetes
Name 2 actions of oxytocin
uterine contractions, "let-down" reflex
What does PRL do?
production of breast milk
True/False: Most of the body's homeostatic mechanisms are controlled via negative feedback
True
Pathologic bone fractures can occur when there is an _________ in PTH secretion
increase
What is the term for a chemical messenger that helps to regulate body functions?
hormone
If hypothyroidism is not recognized and treated in an infant, this endocrine disorder will develop
Cretinism
What endocrine disorder is caused by a decrease in GH?
pituitary dwarfism
This endocrine disorder is a type of hyperthyroidism. It is exhibited by tachycardia, weight loss, and exophthalmos
Grave's disease
Which endocrine disorder is caused by an increase of GH in adults? (after the growth plates have closed)
acromegaly
Cushing's disease is caused by a (an) _____________ in the hormone ___________
increase, cortisol
Grave's disease/syndrome is caused by a (an) ________ in the hormone(s) ___________
increase, T3/ T4
What hormone helps to regulate our 24-hr sleep cycle?
melatonin
Name a hormone that is secreted by the thymus gland
thymosin
What hormone helps T-cells mature?
thymosin
What hormone increases blood glucose levels?
glucagon
What two endocrine glands regulate blood calcium levels?
thyroid, parathyroid
Name 2 hormones that are secreted by the ovaries
estrogen, progesterone
Name a hormone that is secreted by the testes
testosterone
Name 2 hormones that are secreted by the pancreas
insulin, glucagon
Name 2 hormones that are secreted by the adrenal medulla
epinephrine, norepinephrine
Name two hormones that are types of gonadotropins
FSH, LH
Name a hormone that is secreted by the thymus gland
thymosin
Name a hormone that is secreted by the parathyroid gland
PTH
Name a hormone that is secreted by the thyroid gland
T3, T4, calcitonin
Name a hormone that is secreted by the pineal gland
melatonin
Name 2 hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
oxytocin, ADH
Name 2 hormones that are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
GH, PRL, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH
What does the term "endocrine" mean?
to secrete inside/within
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