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Pre-Quiz 2: Circulatory System and Immune System
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A short-term defence against a pathogen by antibodies acquired from another individual (e.g. mother to infant) is called as ................. immunity.
passive
On the surface of all cells there are chemical substances called ..............
antigens
The defence against a pathogen by antibody production in the body is called as .............. immunity.
active
A disease-causing organism is called as .....
pathogen
The fluid in the lymphatic vessels is called ........... and is similar in composition to tissue fluid.
lymph
List two characteristics of veins!
-return blood from the tissues to the heart, -the blood pressure in them is less than that in the arteries.
What are the tiny vessels with walls only one cell thick?
Capillaries
The arteries divide into smaller vessels called ...............
arterioles
The phagocytes collect at the site of an infection, engulfing (ingesting) and digesting harmful bacteria and cell debris – a process called .............
phagocytosis
List the two most numerous types of white cells!
Phagocytes and lymphocytes
What is the red pigment in erythrocyte?
haemoglobin
What is the function of platelets?
blood clotting
What is the function of red blood cells?
transport oxygen
List two main components of the blood!
Blood cells, blood plasma
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle, there is ................... valve.
tricuspid
What is the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
The pulmonary artery
What is the blood vessel that brings deoxygenated blood from the body tissues into the right atrium?
The vena cava
What is the blood vessel that brings oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium?
The pulmonary vein
What is the function of the ventricle?
push or pump blood away from the heart
What is the function of the atrium?
receive blood from the lungs and the whole body, and pump it to the ventricles
State the four chambers of human heart!
right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle
What is the largest vein in human body?
Vena cava
What is the largest artery in human body?
Aorta
List 3 major components of human circulatory system!
The heart, the blood, the blood vessels
The right side of the heart collects blood from the body, builds up the blood pressure and sends it to the ............... to be oxygenated, but the pressure drops during the process.
lungs
The circulation through the lungs is called the ........... circulation;
pulmonary
In ................. circulation, the blood goes through the heart once for each complete circulation of the body.
Single
How many chambers are there in fish heart? State the name(s) of the chamber(s)!
2: Atrium and Ventricle
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