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United States History Chp 10
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Who became president after Harrison?
John Tyler.
What happened to Harrison after his inauguration?
He died of pneumonia one month later.
What was the "Log Cabin Campaign"?
A campaign portraying Harrison as a humble frontiersman, appealing to common voters.
Who was the Whig candidate in 1840?
William Henry Harrison.
What was the Whig strategy in 1836?
Running multiple regional candidates to deny Van Buren a majority and force a House decision, but it failed.
What caused the Panic of 1837?
Jackson’s economic policies, state bank mismanagement, wheat crop failure, and collapse of cotton prices.
Who won the 1836 presidential election?
Martin Van Buren, with Jackson’s endorsement.
What were key differences between Whigs and Democrats?
Whigs supported a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements ; Democrats favored state banks, low tariffs, and territorial expansion.
What party formed in opposition to Jackson?
The Whig Party.
Who was Sequoyah?
A Cherokee who created a written alphabet for his people.
What was the Trail of Tears?
The forced march of the Cherokee to Indian Territory, where many died.
How did the Seminoles and Cherokees respond differently to removal?
Seminoles resisted with armed conflict and Cherokees took their case to court.
What law authorized the forced removal of Native Americans?
The Indian Removal Act of 1830.
What were "pet banks"?
State banks where Jackson placed federal deposits after removing them from the National Bank.
What was Jackson’s position on the Bank of the United States?
He opposed it and vetoed the renewal of its charter.
What compromise ended the Nullification Crisis?
The Compromise Tariff of 1833, which gradually lowered tariff rates.
How did Jackson respond to nullification?
He supported the Force Bill, authorizing military action against South Carolina if needed.
What was the Nullification Crisis?
South Carolina’s opposition to the "Tariff of Abominations" and attempt to nullify federal law.
What was the "Kitchen Cabinet"?
Jackson’s informal group of trusted advisors.
What was the spoils system?
Replacing government officials with supporters, often unqualified, after an election victory.
What was significant about the 1828 election?
More than 1 million people voted, tripling the turnout from 1824.
What nickname symbolized Jackson’s image as a man of the common people?
Old Hickory.
Who helped organize Jackson’s 1828 campaign?
Martin Van Buren.
What party did Jackson’s supporters become?
The Democratic Party.
What party did Adams’ supporters become?
The National Republicans.
What was the "corrupt bargain"?
The alleged deal between Adams and Clay to give Adams the presidency in exchange for Clay becoming secretary of state.
Who were the four candidates in the 1824 presidential election?
William H. Crawford, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson.
What ended the caucus system of nominating presidential candidates?
The divisive 1824 election and the emergence of popular campaigning.
What was the Missouri Compromise?
A deal admitting Maine as a free state, Missouri as a slave state, and banning slavery north of Missouri’s southern border (36°30') in the Louisiana Territory.
What was the outcome of the Panic of 1819?
A depression caused by falling cotton prices in Britain and bad banking practices.
What was the purpose of the protective tariff of 1816?
To shield American manufacturers from foreign competition by taxing imported goods.
What was the American System?
A plan to promote economic growth through protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.
Who was the chief advocate of economic nationalism?
Henry Clay.
What factors led to greater democratization?
Expansion of voting rights to all white men, decline of the caucus system, and more popular participation in elections.
What events increased sectionalism?
Debates like the Missouri Compromise and tariff disputes.
What were the major national issues during this period?
Nationalism, sectionalism, and democratization.
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