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What was one social consequence of Deng’s reforms?
Rising corruption and a growing middle class.
How did Deng’s reforms affect urban and rural inequality?
They increased the wealth gap between city and countryside.
What are SEZs (Special Economic Zones)?
Areas allowing foreign investment and market-based policies.
What economic policy replaced collective farming?
The Household Responsibility System.
What did Deng Xiaoping prioritise over ideology?
Economic modernisation and pragmatism (“It doesn’t matter if the cat is black or white...”).
How were intellectuals targeted during the Cultural Revolution?
Humiliation, imprisonment, re-education in labour camps.
What were the “Four Olds”?
Old ideas, culture, customs, and habits.
Who took over much of the economic planning after the Great Leap Forward? (2 ppl)
Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping.
What was one major cause of the Great Famine (1959–61)?
Unrealistic targets, poor management, and state grain requisitioning.
What were people’s communes designed to do?
Combine farming, industry, and social life to boost collective productivity.
What were the main aims of the Great Leap Forward?
To rapidly industrialise and increase agricultural production.
What was Mao’s goal in extending control to Tibet and Xinjiang?
To achieve territorial unity and secure China’s borders.
What was a key challenge in governing Xinjiang?
Resistance from Uyghur Muslims and cultural tensions.
What was one positive and one negative impact of the Korean War on China?
It increased China’s prestige but strained its economy.
What was the CCP’s justification for integrating Tibet?
To “liberate” Tibet from feudalism and imperialism.
What agreement formalised Tibet’s incorporation into China?
The Seventeen Point Agreement (1951).
When did the PLA enter Tibet?
1950
What was the main purpose of the Reform through Labour (Laogai) system?
To punish dissenters and re-educate them through manual work.
What were the two main aims of Mao’s early political campaigns?
To consolidate Communist power and eliminate opposition.
What year was the People’s Republic of China established?
1949
How did the Four Modernisations contribute to China’s shift towards a market economy?
They introduced reforms like private farming, foreign investment, and economic incentives
True or False: The Four Modernisations completely ended state control of the economy.
False. The state still controlled key industries
Which modernisation encouraged students to study overseas?
Science & Technology
What was the goal of modernising agriculture?
To increase food production and end shortages
Name one of the Four Modernisations.
Agriculture, Industry, Defence, Science & Technology
What year did Deng Xiaoping begin implementing the Four Modernisations?
1978
Who introduced the Four Modernisations in China?
Deng Xiaoping
Which major war helped the CCP rally nationalist support in 1950–53?
Korean war
What was the role of the PLA (People’s Liberation Army) in consolidation?
To enforce CCP control, suppress rebellions, defend the PRC and reunify
What was the Hundred Flowers Campaign’s original aim?
To encourage intellectuals to speak freely and offer constructive criticism
What alliance treaty did China sign with the USSR in 1950?
Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance
What year was the first Five-Year Plan launched?
1953
Which group suffered the most deaths during the Land Reform Campaign?
Landlords
What was the “Five Antis” campaign aimed at eliminating?
Attacking bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating on government contracts, and stealing state economic information
What was the main purpose of the “Three Antis” campaign?
To eliminate corruption, waste, and bureaucracy
What campaign in 1950 targeted landlords and redistributed land to peasants?
Agrarian Reform Campaign
What was the official ideology of the new PRC?
Marxism-Leninism (adapted as Mao Zedong Thought)
1. In what year did the Chinese Communist Party declare the People’s Republic of China?
1949
Name one terror campaign implemented by Mao.
The five antis, the three antis
Name one reform implemented by the CCP?
Land, Womens, social, industrial, economic, education
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