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8th Grade Midterm Review
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What is a solution?
 
A transparent mixture of solute and solvent
 
Used to separate mixtures by boiling point
 
Combination of substances not chemically bonded
 
Smallest unit of an element
What is a prism?
 
Separates light into a spectrum of colors
 
Smallest unit of an element
 
Detects elements by their fluorescent signature
 
Light bouncing off a surface
What is an IR Spectrometer?
 
Measures how compounds absorb infrared light
 
Used to separate mixtures by boiling point
 
Smallest unit of an element
 
Combination of substances not chemically bonded
What is an XRF Spectrometer?
 
Detects elements by their fluorescent signature
 
Measures how compounds absorb infrared light
 
Separates light into a spectrum
 
Transparent mixture of solute and solvent
What is distillation?
 
Used to separate mixtures by boiling point
 
Detects elements by their fluorescent signature
 
Light bouncing off a surface
 
Transparent mixture
What is a mixture?
 
Combination of substances not chemically bonded
 
Made of more than one kind of atom chemically bonded
 
Smallest unit of an element
 
Used to separate mixtures by boiling point
What is refraction?
 
Bending of light between media
 
Light bouncing off a surface
 
Combination of substances not chemically bonded
 
Transparent mixture
What is reflection?
 
Light bouncing off a surface
 
Smallest unit of an element
 
Detects elements by their fluorescent signature
 
Used to separate mixtures by boiling point
What is a compound?
 
Made of more than one kind of atom chemically bonded
 
Combination of substances not chemically bonded
 
Transparent mixture
 
Bending of light between media
What is an atom?
 
Smallest unit of an element
 
Transparent mixture of solute and solvent
 
Light bouncing off a surface
 
Bending of light between media
What are two common ways mixtures can be separated?
 
Filtration and distillation
 
Boiling and condensing
 
Melting and freezing
 
Evaporation and combustion
What is the importance of the periodic table in chemistry?
 
It helps predict element properties
 
It arranges foods by size
 
It organizes daily schedules
 
It shows energy usage
Why does a prism show a rainbow when light passes through it?
 
Due to light refraction and dispersion
 
Because of mirror reflection
 
Due to chemical reactions
 
Because of magnetic waves
What makes a substance a 'pure element'?
 
It has only one type of atom
 
It contains many types of atoms
 
It is chemically bonded to other elements
 
It is always a gas
How do IR spectrometers help scientists analyze compounds?
 
By measuring infrared absorption patterns
 
By detecting light reflection
 
By analyzing magnetic fields
 
By counting atoms
What tool is used to identify elements in unknown substances?
 
XRF Spectrometer
 
Microscope
 
Prism
 
Spectacles
How do eyeglasses use refraction to help people see clearly?
 
They bend light to focus it on the retina
 
They reflect light off the lenses
 
They use colored filters
 
They block excess light
Explain why light bends when it moves from air to water.
 
Because light changes speed in different materials
 
Because water is reflective
 
Because light is absorbed by water
 
Due to magnetic forces
Light that bends is an example of __________.
 
refraction
 
reflection
 
vibration
 
absorption
__________ is used to study how light interacts with matter.
 
spectroscopy
 
reflection
 
mass
 
sound
A __________ contains more than one element chemically bonded.
 
compound
 
mixture
 
element
 
sound
A __________ is used to disperse white light into a spectrum.
 
prism
 
mirror
 
filter
 
compound
Light __________ as it moves between transparent materials.
 
refracts
 
reflects
 
absorbs
 
blocks
The __________ is the line perpendicular to a surface in light studies.
 
normal
 
line
 
vibration
 
mass
A __________ surface causes diffuse reflection.
 
rough
 
smooth
 
compound
 
filter
The __________ of reflection equals the angle of incidence.
 
angle
 
curve
 
mass
 
compound
__________ energy causes particles to move faster.
 
thermal
 
heat
 
sound
 
vibration
The periodic table is arranged by increasing __________ number.
 
atomic
 
charge
 
sound
 
mass
Simple distillation separates substances by different __________ points.
 
boiling
 
melting
 
compound
 
mass
Solute particles in a solution are too small to block __________.
 
light
 
dust
 
sound
 
mass
Evaporation and __________ are ways to separate salt from salt water.
 
crystallization
 
freezing
 
mass
 
compound
Iron filings can be separated using a __________.
 
magnet
 
filter
 
mass
 
vibration
A __________ is a type of mixture, not a compound.
 
solution
 
sugar
 
compound
 
vibration
A compound has different __________ than the elements that form it.
 
properties
 
vibration
 
mass
 
sound
IR spectrometers detect how compounds absorb __________ light.
 
infrared
 
sound
 
mass
 
vibration
In a mixture of iron and sulfur, the substances are not _________ bonded.
 
chemically
 
mass
 
vibration
 
sugar
XRF spectrometers detect __________, not compound vibrations.
 
elements
 
sugar
 
compound
 
sound
An element is a pure substance made up of atoms of the same _____.
 
kind
 
mass
 
sound
 
vibration
What best describes a mixture?
 
Not chemically bonded
 
One kind of atom
 
Fixed element ratio
 
Cannot separate
Which element is a metal?
 
Iron
 
Oxygen
 
Helium
 
Chlorine
What happens when light passes through a prism?
 
Separates into colors
 
Disappears
 
Speeds up
 
Reflects one way
Which is a compound?
 
Water
 
Oxygen
 
Hydrogen
 
Carbon
What is the smallest unit of an element?
 
Atom
 
Molecule
 
Proton
 
Neutron
The greater the change in light speed, the:
 
More bending
 
Less bending
 
No change
 
Light stops
When light hits a mirror, the rays and normal line:
 
Lie in same plane
 
Form triangle
 
Are random
 
Cancel out
Refraction enables the creation of:
 
Glasses, microscopes, cameras
 
Nothing practical
 
Blocks tech devices
 
Underwater goggles only
Normal in reflection refers to:
 
Imaginary line perpendicular to surface
 
Average light behavior
 
Typical path
 
Standard light measure
What causes light to bend between materials?
 
Density changes
 
Temperature changes
 
Magnetic fields
 
Electrical charges
Diffuse reflection occurs when light hits:
 
Rough surface
 
Smooth surface
 
Transparent surface
 
Flat surface
Which best describes how light travels through different materials?
 
Fastest in a vacuum
 
Same speed everywhere
 
Fastest in water
 
Slowest in air
Why does a straw appear bent when placed in water?
 
Light changes speed and direction
 
The water warps the straw
 
Optical illusion
 
The straw is flexible
According to the laws of reflection, the angle of incidence is always:
 
Equal to the angle of reflection
 
Greater than the angle of reflection
 
Less than the angle of reflection
 
Unrelated
When light hits a surface and bounces back in a predictable pattern, this phenomenon is called:
 
Reflection
 
Diffraction
 
Transmission
 
Absorption
Which element is found in table salt?
 
Sodium
 
Magnesium
 
Potassium
 
Calcium
What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?
 
O
 
Ox
 
Oy
 
Om
Which element is used in toothpaste?
 
Fluorine
 
Helium
 
Carbon
 
Neon
What does the periodic table organize?
 
Elements
 
Foods
 
Machines
 
Cells
Who created the first version of the periodic table?
 
Mendeleev
 
Einstein
 
Newton
 
Bohr
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