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Heritage Studies 6 Chapter 5 Review
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What is a dome-shaped Buddhist shrine called?
stupa
Who was one of the greatest rulers of the Mauryan Empire that promoted Buddhism?
Asoka
Pataliputra was the capital city of what empire in ancient India?
Mauryan Empire
Who was an Indian warrior who conquered a large part of India and began the Mauryan dynasty?
Chandragupta Mauryan
What is the Buddhist belief that in a state of complete enlightenment a person has peace and freedom from desire?
nirvana
What was Buddha’s list of good works that help a person achieve happiness and peace?
The Eightfold Path
What are the basic beliefs of Buddhist teaching called?
The Four Noble Truths
What religion follows the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path?
Buddhism
What does it mean to have received knowledge or understanding?
enlightened
What does the name "Buddha" mean?
Enlightened One
Siddhartha Gautama founded what religion?
Buddhism
What are the two basic social groups in Hinduism?
family and caste
Who made up the lowest caste?
outcastes- non-Hindus, unclean laborers, expelled caste members
What occupation is the highest caste made up of?
priests
What is anyone from outside the groups of the Hindu caste system that are bound by strict social restrictions?
outcastes
What is a strict social class a person is born into?
caste
What are collections of sacred hymn texts of Hinduism?
Vedas
What is the Hindu belief that a person’s deeds, good or bad, determine his state in reincarnation?
karma
What is the belief that after a person dies, he comes back in another form?
reincarnation
What are some religious duties of Hindus or Buddhists?
pray, perform rituals, worship at temples and shrines, bring sacrifices and money to priests
What are religious duties of a Hindu or a Buddhist called?
dharma
What is the belief that everything in the universe is part of a supreme being?
pantheism
Who is the divine being of Hinduism believed to be the cause and material of creation; also called “the great soul” or “the world soul”?
Brahman
Besides being polytheistic, what three gods do Hindus believe to be the most important?
Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu
What is the belief in Brahman and reincarnation that serves as a unifying influence in India’s diverse society?
Hinduism
What is the written language of the Aryans?
Sanskrit
What is a wind that reverses direction with the change of season?
monsoon
Each Aryan village was governed by a council of leading men and a what?
raja- a chief, prince, or ruler in India
Who was the basis of Aryan society with villages comprised of related family groups?
family
Who were nomads believed to have moved into the Indus Valley around 1500 BC who conquered the people of northwestern India?
Aryans
What is a group of languages spoken by people of Europe and parts of Asia?
Indo-European
Who is a scholar who studies languages?
linguist
What is a picture of symbol used in early writing to represent a word, a group of words, or an idea?
pictograph
The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro made up with civilization in ancient India?
Harappan Civiilzation
What two ancient cities were one of the first civilizations in ancient India?
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
Who was the British archeologist who discovered and helped excavate Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus Valley?
Sir John Marshall
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