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Year 10 Evolution and Natural Selection
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Explain how the peppered moth population turned mostly black due to environmental pressures.
The black moths blended into the trees more than the white moths, meaning they lived longer and passed on their genes more frequiently
What is Embryology?
studying organisms at the very early stages of development to see how they are similar
What are vestigial structures?
a body part that doesn’t seem to have a function at this time
What is meant by the term selection in the process of speciation?
Once groups of populations are isolated, natural selection affects the genotype of each group, leads to changes that prevent groups from breeding
What is a climate barrier?
rainfall, temperature, salinity, ocean current, sunlight
What is geographical isolation
Where there is a geographical barrier - mountain, river, ocean or gorge in the way
What is meant by the term isolation in the process of speciation
Different groups of the population are prevented in some way from interbreeding
Why must variation exist for speciation to occur?
This is because natural selection is involved and selection can only act on variation that is already present in a population
What are selection pressures?
The effect of the selective agents on the population are known as selective pressures.
What is a selective agent?
The environmental factors that act on the population
What is natural selection?
The process by which an environmental factor acts on a population, results in survival of the fittest
What is cross breeding?
This is the process of crossing one individual with a desirable feature with another individual with a different desirable features. Hopefully, the offspring sh
State 2 methods of selective breeding
Cross breeding and interbreeding
What is a species?
A species is a group of similar individuals that interbreed to produce fertile offspring under natural conditions
How are Stromatolites formed?
Sediment sticks to the surface of the living algae, forming a crust. The algae grow through the sediment to form a new layer of living matter
What are stromatolites?
Stromatolites are laminated fossils formed by blue-green algae and sediment
Name 2 types of absolute dating techniques
Radioactive dating and tree rings
What does the relative dating technique do?
It compares the age of one fossil with another to determine which is older
Name the 5 types of preserving environments
Tar/Asphalt, dry air, amber, permafrost, peat
Which type of preserving environment best preserves soft tissues?
Amber
Name 3 types of fossils
Original, Replacement, Carbon film, indirect, petrification
What is a fossil?
Fossils are the preserved evidence in rocks or soil of organisms that once existed on earth
State the 5 things used as evidence for evolution
Fossil record, comparative anatomy, Embryology, Vestigial structures, DNA
What is the process of speciation?
1. Variation, 2. Isolation, 3. Selection, 4. New species produced
What is biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the number and range of different species that exist on Earth
What is the fossil record?
a record of the different types of organisms that lived in the past
Embryology provides evidence for evolution by showing what?
similar early stage development in related species
Which scientific technique allows scientists to compare genetic material between species?
DNA analysis
Homologous structures are evidence for
a common ancestor
What is direct evidence of past life and evolutionary change?
Fossil record
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