END OF YEAR BAMBOOZLE - RS | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

What is passivity?

Losing control to a more powerful being during a mystical/religious experience.

What is transiency?

Something that only lasts for a short time – mystical/religious experiences being fleeting and hard to remember.

What is a noetic experience?

An experience that is made clear by logical intellectual thought.

What does “ineffability” mean?

Concepts that cannot be expressed in words – God’s nature is thought to be ineffable.

What is a conversion experience?

An experience which absolutely convinces someone that a greater being exists.

What is a numinous experience?

A feeling of awe and wonder which leads you to believe in the existence of a greater being.

What is an example from the world that is evidence of it being designed?

A bird is perfectly designed to be able to fly.

What is the watch analogy?

If one found a watch on the floor and had never seen one you would still know it had a designer. This is like the world.

Who is the proponent of the design/teleological argument?

William Paley.

What is the criticism of the ontological argument from Guanilo?

I can imagine a perfect island but that does not mean that it exists.

What is the basic premise of the ontological argument?

That God is by definition the greatest possible being

Who is the proponent of the ontological argument?

Anselm.

What is contingency?

The idea that everything must rely on something else in order to exist.

What is the “first cause” argument?

The idea that everything must have a cause so the universe must have been caused by God.

Who is the proponent of the cosmological argument?

Thomas Aquinas.

How is the logical problem of evil solved by process thought?

God is not omnipotent so he cannot stop evil.

Name a scholar who agrees with process thought?

David Griffin/A.N. Whitehead.

What is the role of evil in the “vale of soul-making”?

Evil makes us better people; shapes us to become better; this was part of God’s plan.

What is a soul-making theodicy?

The idea that all people are working towards becoming better and evil is instrumental in making people better.

Who put forward the “vale of soul-making”?

John Hick.

What is the “vale of soul-making”?

The world/the place where our souls are made up to the content of God.

Name one weakness of the free will defence?

Weakness: does not explain natural evil.

Name one strength of the free will defence?

Strength: solves the logical problem.

Name 2 scholars that agree with the free will defence?

Richard Swinburne and Alvin Plantinga.

What is the essential premise of the free will defence?

Evil is caused by human free will.

Who does the King in the parable represent?

Jesus/God.

Who wrote the Parable of the King and the Maiden?

Soren Kierkegaard.

What is a theodicy?

A theodicy justifies the existence of God in the face of evil.

What is “the case of Sue” and what does it show?

The case of a 5-year-old girl being raped and murdered by her mother’s boyfriend.

Who advocated the evidential problem of evil?

William Rowe.

What is the Inconsistent Triad?

set of three statements where God is omnipotent and God is omnibenevolent – logically one must be wrong.

Name one scholar who advocated the logical problem of evil?

David Hume/Epicurus/J.L. Mackie.

What is natural evil?

Natural evil is evil not caused by humans but still causes widespread suffering.

What is moral evil?

Moral evil is evil caused by human commission or omission which causes suffering.

Why does evil pose a problem for religious believers?

It questions the characteristics of God (is he all-loving

Fallacy of composition - explain

part of a whole as true cannot be applied to the whole thing itself

Aquinas 3rd way - define and explain

world consists of contingent beings - there must be a necessary being

Define privato boni

Evil is the absence of good - Augustine

Define numinous experience

An experience with the wholly other - Otto

Example of religious experiences as foundational

Buddha, Guru Nanak, Prophet Muhammad

Anselm's definition of God

God is that than which nothing greater can be concieved

What is TLE and how does it challenge religious experiences

temporal lobe epilepsy - St Paul had a medical condition not an RE

Analytical statements

True by definition

Synthetic statements

empirical - can be tested

A priori knowledge

knowledge before sense experience

A posteriori knowledge

knowledge after sense experience

4 principles of situation ethics

pragmatism, relativism, personalism, positivism

A quote by Aristotle

One swallow does not make a summer

Plantinga's response to natural evil

Result of the original sin

One criticism by Russell of the cosmological argument

brute fact, fallacy of composition

Strength of epistemic distance?

helps explain existence of evil and suffering

Explain PINT criteria

passivity, ineffability, noetic quality and transciency

Explain the fallacy of composition

Just because something is true of a part doesn't make it true of the whole

Anthropic principle

Idea that universe was designed specifically for humans

What is David Brazier's main critique of secular Buddhism?

takes away key aspects of buddhism

Stephen Batchelor reinterprets the Four Noble Truths as what?

4 practical tasks

one of the the 10/14 unanswerable questions

Is the world eternal? or not? or both? or neither? Is the world finite? or not? or both? or neither? Is the self identical with the body? or is it different fro

One way quantum physics is compatible with buddhism

shows everything is impermenant at a molecular level and is constantly changing

Explain the case of Pindola Bharadwaja

he showed of his powers to show saints can exist - Buddhist was displeased

Dalai Lama views on science

abandon aspects of buddhism which science show to be wrong

How does Hume explain belief in miracles?

people who believe in them are from ignorant and barbarous nations

Hume's view on miracles

maximally improbable

One example of the kalama suttra

tradition, rumour, teacher, logical reasoning

Epstein's views on interpretation of samsara?

the entire wheel becomes a representation of neurotic suffering

one way karma is incompatible with science

not empirically verifiable

One way karma is compatible with science

psychological state of mind

One reason why Buddhists would not support genetically modified crops

environemntal damage - bad karma

One reason for Buddhist support for genetically modified crops

feed more people - skilful action

One reason against bhikkhuni ordination

line of bhikkhunis has died out

What is the role of the sakyadhita organisation?

helps to fight for equity and equality

One buddhist view on homosexuality

not specifically against homosexuality - just the act

When was Dhammanada ordained as a Bhikkhuni - YEAR

2003

What are the three refuges

buddha, sangha, dhamma

The pali canon has authority - GIVE ONE POINT FOR AND AGAINST

it is authentic and unadultered BUT oral transmission process could limit its authenticity

What do buddhists believe about the state of the universe. HINT: link to anicca

it is in a state of constant change and flux

How can being happy cause you suffering?

due to anicca

what was the point of the parable of the burning house?

teachings of the buddha are like the father getting the kids out of a burning house and giving them greater treasure

when do buddhists believe life begins?

at conception

define akusala actions

unskilful actions

define kusala actions

skilful actions

define ahimsa

non-violence

Buddhists have free will - ONE POINT FOR AND AGAINST

for; the buddha taught that we have free will, against; paticassamupada

What parts of the 8 fold path link to sila?

right speech, right action, right livelihood

What do each of the 6 paramitas link to?

Karuna - the goal of bodhisattvas

What is another term for the 6 perfections?

6 paramitas

What are the 6 perfections of Mahayana Buddhism?

Generosity, morality, patience, zeal, meditation, wisdom

What is Paticcasamuppada?

Dependent origination - the 12 links in the outer circle of the Tibetan wheel of life

What are the 5 moral precepts for monastics?

abstain from food after midday, luxurious bed, entertainment, personal adornments, gold&silver

What are the 5 moral precepts for lay buddhists?

abstain from; taking life, taking what is not given, false speech, sensual pleasures, intoxication

What are the 3 categories of the 8 fold path?

Wisdom, morality and concentration

what was the point of the parable of kisa gotami and the mustard seed

that all things are impermenant

what is shunyata

emptiness

what are the 3 bodies of the buddha?

dharmakaya, sambhogakaya, nirmanakaya

what did Nagasena describe nirvana as?

an ocean

what is the dhamachakra?

the dharma wheel

what is the pali word for craving?

tanha

what is the tipitaka?

3 baskets of the pali canon

How can the chariot analogy be used to describe the 5 skhandas?

There is no greater “essence” behind the name “chariot”. This name only refers to a collection of parts

what are the 5 skhandas - each element

form, sensations, perceptions, impulses, consciousness

what are the 5 skhandas? - the definition!

the 5 elements someone is made up of

what are the 3 marks of existence

dukkha, anatta, anicca

what did Snelling describe Bodhisattvas as?

spiritual heros

what is upaya kusala?

skilful means

explain the parable of the jewel in the robe

we all possess the jewel (buddha nature) but are often unaware. We need guidance in order to understand/become aware

what 2 qualities do mahayana buddhists value most?

compassion and wisdom

what is the ultimate goal of a mahayana buddhist?

to become a bodhisattva?

what do mahayana buddhists sometimes use the word arhat to describe?

someone who is far along the path of enlightenment but has not yet become enlighten

complete the quote from the buddha "I am the teacher .......

supreme

what do most buddhists (particularly lay buddhists) strive for?

better rebirth - either human or heavenly

give 3 descriptions of nirvana

blowing out, cessation, ocean, blisss, truth

What are the 6 realms that one can be reborn into?

gods, demi gods, humans, animal, ghosts, hell

what is the term for lesser vehicle

hinayana

define 'mahayana'

greater vehicle

define 'theravada'

the elders/way of the elders

why do people suffering according to the buddha?

due to desire and ignorance

the cyle of birth death and rebirth is known as ...

samsara

what are the pali terms for the 3 categories of the 8 fold path?

sila, panna/prajna, samadhi

what are the 3 categories of the 8 fold path?

morality, wisdom, meditation

what are the Pali terms for each of the 4 noble truths?

Dukkha, Samudaya, Niroda, Magga

what are the 4 noble truths?

suffering, origin of suffering, cessation of suffering, path to end suffering

What two possible futures did the Hindu priests predict for Prince Siddhartha?

a great ruler or enlightened being

what does the 'buddha' mean?

enlightened one

Define ordained

to become a monk/nun

which part of the tripitaka is most important for monks?

Vinaya pitaka

What is a Bhikku

A Buddhist monk

What should a monk do if they break the rules and why?

Leave the sangha because it has worse karmic effects

Why are monks well respected in Thailand?

because they have better karma and have a higher chance of reaching enlightenment

one way in which the lay community is involved in the sangha

giving alms, donating land, labour, service within the monastery

Which Buddhist monk self immolated in the 1960s?

Thich Quang Duc