AP CSP Big Idea 2 - Data | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

Keepingonlythepositive numbers from a list, or keeping only students who signed up for band from a record of all the students are examples of __________.

filtering data

a process that makes the data uniform without changing their meaning (e.g., replacing all equivalent abbreviations, spellings, andcapitalizationswiththesameword).

Cleaning Data

A digital photo is the data, what are some examples of metadata for this data?

time and date, location, file size

Data about data is ___________.

Metadata

True or False: Correlation between variables in data always means a causation between the variables.

False. Correlation does not necessairly mean causation - remember the margarine and maine divorce example.

___________ is the collection of facts and patterns extracted from data.

Information

Insituationswhereminimizingdatasizeor transmission time is maximally important which data compression algorithm should be chosen?

Lossy

In situations where quality or ability to reconstruct the original is maximally important, which compression algorithm should be chosen?

Lossless

Which data compression type, lossy or lossless, typically results in more compression and therefore using less bits?

Lossy

What is an advantage of a lossless compression algorithm over a lossy compression algorithm?

With lossless compression you can recreate the exact original and not lose any data, while lossy can not and will result in some data loss.

____________ data compression algorithms can significantlyreducethenumberofbitsstored or transmitted but only allow reconstruction of an approximation of the original data.

Lossy

____________ data compression algorithms can usually reduce the number of bits stored or transmitted while guaranteeing complete reconstruction of the original data.

Lossless

_____________canreducethesize(numberof bits) of transmitted or stored data.

Data compression

Convert the binary number 10101 to a decimal number.

21

Trying to represent a number that is too precise like 26.54278 without having enough bits will result in what kind of error?

round-off error

What would be the outcome of adding 16 plus 18 in a system using only 4 bits.

an overflow error would occur, because 15 is the highest number that can be represented with only 4 bits and 16 + 18 = 34.

What are some examples of analog data?

sound, colors of a painting, the position of a runner in a race.

Theuseofdigitaldatatoapproximaterealworld analog data is an example of ___________.

abstraction

Bits can be used to represent many different things, like colors, sounds, or text. How many different options can be represented using 4 bits?

16, you can represent the numbers 0 - 15, giving you 16 options.

Would 5 bits be enough to represent the decimal number 36?

No, the highest number you can represent with 5 bits is 31. 36 would take 6 bits.

Convert the decimal number 15 into binary.

1111

Text is represented digitally using a specific string of bits from the ________ chart.

ASCII

Analog data is converted to digital through a process called _________ by measuring values of the analog signal at regular intervals and representing that value with bits.

sampling

True or False: The same sequence of bits may represent differenttypesofdataindifferentcontexts

True

______ is the process of reducing complexity by focusing on the main idea. By hiding details irrelevant to the question at hand and bringing together related and useful details, it reduces complexity and allows one to focus on the ieda.

Abstraction

A _________ is 8 bits.

byte

Bit is shorthand for __________ ___________ and is either 0 or 1.

binary digit

What is the smallest piece of information that a computer can store and use for processing?

bit - represented as either a 1 or 0

Put the following numbers in order from least to greatest: binary numbers 1100, 1001, decimal numbers 15, 6

6, 1001(9), 1100(12), 15