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Why can metals conduct electricity?
they have delocalised electrons.
Why do simple molecules have low boiling points?
they have weak intermolecular forces.
What is a covalent bond?
a shared pair of electrons between atoms.
What is an ionic bond?
a strong attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is an anion?
a negatively charged ion.
What is a cation?
a positively charged ion.
Why do isotopes have similar chemical properties?
they have the same number of electrons.
What are isotopes?
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What does the period number show (atomic structure)?
number of occupied electron shells.
What does the group number show (atomic structure)?
number of electrons in the outer shell.
What group has full outer shells?
Group VIII (noble gases).
What is the electron configuration of an atom with proton number 11?
2, 8, 1
What is the mass number?
the total number of protons and neutrons.
What is the atomic number?
the number of protons in an atom.
What is the charge on an electron?
-1.
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1.
What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1.
What is found in the nucleus of an atom?
protons and neutrons.
What is a mixture?
a combination of substances not chemically bonded.
What is a compound?
a substance made of atoms of different elements chemically bonded.
What is an element?
a pure substance made of one type of atom.
How does molecular mass affect diffusion rate?
heavier particles diffuse more slowly.
Why do gases diffuse faster than solids?
their particles move freely and quickly.
What is diffusion?
the spreading out of particles from high to low concentration.
What does a heating curve show?
how temperature changes with time during heating.
What does the kinetic particle theory explain?
how particles move and behave.
What happens to the volume of a gas when pressure increases (at constant temperature)?
it decreases.
What happens to the volume of a gas when temperature increases (at constant pressure)?
it increases.
What happens to particle energy when a substance is heated?
it increases.
What is the process of a liquid turning into a solid called?
freezing.
What is the process of a gas changing to a liquid called?
condensation.
What is the process of a liquid changing into a gas called?
boiling or evaporation.
What happens to particle movement when a solid melts?
particles gain energy and move more freely.
How do particles move in a gas?
they move rapidly and randomly.
How are the particles arranged in a solid?
closely packed in a regular pattern.
Which state of matter has neither fixed shape nor fixed volume?
gas.
Which state of matter flows and has a fixed volume but no fixed shape?
liquid.
Which state of matter has a fixed shape and volume?
solid.
What are the three main states of matter?
solids, liquids, gases