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Final Exam Review- Urinary System
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what does the med term "cysto" mean?
sac like
What does a cystogram look at?
to see all aspects of the bladder
What does a VCUG look at ?
It looks at the patients ureters and bladder while they urinate.
What does an IVU look at?
The function of the kidneys, ureters and bladder using contrast.
What does IVU stand for?
Intra Venous Urogram ( pyelogram)
What does VCUG stand for?
Voiding Cysto Urethrography
Why perform a VCUG?
incontinence, prolapsed bladder, reflux
Why perform a cystogram?
leakage, reflux
Why perform an IVU?
stones, cause of malfunction
What exam is performed for a Cystogram?
bladder shot
What exams are for an IVU ?
KUB and kidney shots
What exams are performed retrograde?
Pyelogram and cystogram
The VCUG and IVU are performed antegrade or retrograde?
antegrade
Why is an RPO done on a male for a VCUG ?
because a male has a longer urethra
What are the two functional studies done for the urinary system?
VCUG and IVU
Is there a CR angle on a female for an AP bladder? Male? Why? What angles would be used?
no yes so the symphysis pubis doesn't superimpose over the bladder , 10-15 caudad
What are the usual instructions for a urinary contrast study? Why?
Low residue diet and NPO for 8 hours, you want to clear the intestines of fecal material and gas
Why does a patient need to void their bladder before a study?
so the contrast is not diluted in the urine
What is the most important post care after a contrast study?
drink plenty of fluids
Why do obliques for a kidney?
moves the contrast around
When performing an oblique view of the kidney, where does the CR need to be? What is the patients obliquity?
2" above the iliac crest and midline. 30* or angle that puts kidney parallel to IR
If you are just looking at a sac within the body , what contrast media can you use?
iodinated
If you are starting an IV line what contrast do you normally use?
non-ionic
What are contraindications of iodinated contrast media?
diabetes,elevated BUN and Creatinine, age and/or anemia
What forms around the base of the bladder in males?
prostate
The trigone within the bladder has mucosa that is ___________________
smooth
The bladder mucosa has folds called ______________________
ruggae
What is the portion of the bladder that forms from the entrance of the two ureters and the exit side of the urethra?
the trigone
At what vertebral level does the hilum of the kidney lie?
L 1
At what vertebral level are the kidneys, within the peritoneum?
between the xiphoid tip ( T 12) and The iliac crest (L 3)
What is the main function of the Urinary system?
filter blood, balance electrolytes, regulate H2O
What percentage of kidney filtration is returned to the blood system? What percentage is excreted?
99%, 1%
What are nephrons?
they are the functional units of the kidney
What is another term for nephrons?
parenchyma
Where does the bladder and urethra lie within the peritoneum ? infra or retroperitoneal? Where does everything else lie?
infra, retro
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