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7th Grade Science Unit 6
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How old are old fold mountains like the Urals?
Over 200 million years old
How old are new fold mountains like the Himalayas?
Between 10 and 25 million years old
Why can violent volcanic eruptions occur?
From thick magma with dissolved gases causing pressure to build up
What are extinct volcanoes?
Volcanoes that will not erupt again
What are inactive or dormant volcanoes?
Volcanoes that have not erupted for a long time
What are active volcanoes?
Volcanoes that may erupt at any time
What determines the magnitude of an earthquake?
The size of faults at plate boundaries and how far rocks move
What can happen when tectonic plates slide past each other?
Earthquakes due to friction and sudden movements
What happens when tectonic plates drift apart?
They crack and break, and lava erupts to form new crust
What two types of tectonic plates are there?
Oceanic plates and continental plates
When does a partial solar eclipse occur?
When only part of the Sun's rays are blocked
When is a total solar eclipse observed?
When standing in the middle of the Moon's shadow where all sunlight is blocked
What is an opaque object?
An object that does not allow light to pass through it
What safety precaution should be taken during a solar eclipse?
Never look directly at the Sun
Why don't eclipses occur every month?
The Moon's orbit is tilted so perfect alignment doesn't happen monthly
What causes a lunar eclipse?
Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon
What causes a solar eclipse?
The Moon passes between the Sun and Earth
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is liquid rock underground while lava is liquid rock on the surface
What forms when tectonic plates collide and rocks crumple upward?
Fold mountains
What is subduction?
When one tectonic plate slides beneath another
What is the Pacific Ring of Fire known for?
Frequent geological changes including volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
What are the places where tectonic plates meet called?
Plate boundaries
How fast do tectonic plates move?
About 4 cm per year
What are the large sections of Earth's crust called?
Tectonic plates
Name three pieces of evidence Wegener used for continental drift.
The shapes of continents fit together, matching rock types, and similar fossils on different continents
What was the name of the supercontinent that contained all land masses?
Pangaea
Who proposed the theory of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
What is the most common metal in Earth's crust?
Iron
What is the most common non-metal in Earth's crust?
Oxygen
What is the inner core made of?
Solid iron and nickel
What is the outer core made of?
Molten metal, mainly iron and nickel
What is the mantle made of?
Molten rock that can flow slowly
What are the four main layers of the Earth?
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
Why do recording studios need to prevent echoes?
Echoes can distort the sound
What medical technology uses sound echoes to see inside the body?
Ultrasound scans
Why is the total distance sound travels in water depth measurement double the actual depth?
The sound travels down and back up
What do boats use echoes for?
To measure water depth
What method do bats use to locate insects?
Echolocation
What is an echo?
A sound wave that bounces off a surface and returns to the original source
Why can't sound travel in space?
Space is a vacuum with no particles for sound to travel through
What is the term for the substance that sound moves through?
Medium
What three states of matter can sound travel through?
Solids, liquids, and gases
Can sound travel through a vacuum?
No
How do sound waves travel?
Through vibration of particles
What is the speed of sound waves in air?
About 343 meters per second
What do vocal cords do when you speak?
They vibrate
If you hit a drum with more force, what happens to the sound?
It becomes louder
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