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Marine Biology mod 8
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Does a parasite always live inside the host?
No, the isopod attaches to the outside of a fish
How are the boundaries of various zones in the ocean defined?
Physical characteristics like temperature, depth and light penetration
Do all primary producers. photosynthesize at the same rate?
no, some are more productive than others
What does "ology" (logos) mean?
word, or the study of
What does eco (oikos) mean?
house or home
How does gaseous nitrogen get changed into the more usable form Nitrate?
nitrogen fixers like Cyanobateria change gaseous nitrogen to nitrates (and a few other bacteria)
Can one habitat be affected by another habitat? Give an example?
River delta is affected by rain in the mountains. Sunlight blocked by a high rise building will affect the coral growth near the shore.
What does the root “troph” mean?
Nourishment or food.
Do all mutualism forms of symbiosis need each other to survive? give an example.
No, cleaner shrimp remove parasites from other fish but the cleaner fish can find food elsewhere.
What do intra and inter mean?
Intra: within, inter:between: intraspecific, within a species, interspecific between species.
define commensalism and give an example.
Long spined black sea urchin and urchin crab. (protection for the crab, no benefit or harm to the sea urchin
define mutualism and give two examples of it from the chapter.
Zooxanthellae and coral, cleaner shrimp and many fish, clown fish and sea anemone.
What type of symbiosis is seen with an isopod attached to a fish?
Parasitism. (isopod: a crustacean that is several centimeters long ans attaches itself to a fish and feeds off the tissue)
Why are decomposers important?
They breakdown organic matter bound up in the dead bodies so the material is available again in the ecosystem
What is the main source of carbon for living organisms?
Gaseous CO2. Primary producers use CO2 to produce sugars. Unlike N fixation, where bacteria change N2 into nitrates. (the bacteria is not a primary producer.
How does gaseous nitrogen get changed into the more usable form Nitrate?
Cyanobateria changes are nitrogen fixers (and a few other bacteria)
How does photosynthesis participate in Carbon fixing?
It uses CO2 and creates sugars.
What happens if there is not enough of the kind of bacteria that do denitrification in a fish tank?
This kind of bacteria converts ammonia into gaseous nitrogen, so the ammonia levels will rise.
Can one habitat be affected by another habitat? Give an example?
River delta is affected by rain in the mountains. Sunlight blocked by a highrise building will affect the coral growth near the shore.
List and describe the habitat regions of the ocean discussed in this module. (6 zones)
Splash zone-never under water,intertidal zone,inner shelf(photic),outer shelf,bathyal zone(aphotic),abbysal,hadal always under water.
Is there an aphotic zone on the continental shelf?
Yes the outer shelf.
The population of a certain fish is noted to decrease even though the birth rate appears to be the same.  What abiotic factors might cause this?  What biotic factors might cause this?
A- salinity, dissolved CO2 (affecting food source)water temperature, B-parasites, predators,
Identify producers, primary consumers, and secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers.
primary producer- ice algae, phytoplankton. primary consumer - zooplankton. secondary consumers-Bowhead whale
What is Productivity?
the rate of photosynthesis carried on in an ecosystem, minus the rate of respiration of the photosynthetic organisms
What is a Limiting resource?
a factor required for a population to grow but present in small quantities in an ecosystem
What is Ecology?
the study of relationship between an organism and its environment
What is Pelagic?
an organism that lives in the water column
What is aphotic?
area where no light reaches, therefor no photosynthesis can occur.
What is Detritus?
dead organic matter and the decomposing "organisms" that live among it (p252)
What is Benthic?
describing organisms that live on the bottom of the ocean
What is Nekton?
able to swim against ocean currents
What is Carrying capacity?
The largest population size that can be supported by a specific area with its available resources
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