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Bacteria, Archaea, Virus, Protists and Fungi
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Protists that live mostly in water and use sunlight as a source of energy.
algae
A protist which has the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods.
amoeba
Why is the classification of protists in one kingdom so difficult?
They resemble members of other kingdoms.
Long, branching filaments made of cells. These compose the bodies of fungi.
hyphae
A hard substance that strengthens the cell walls of fungi and other organisms.
chitin
A heterotrophic eukaryote with cell walls that contain chitin. Includes molds and mushrooms.
fungi
A protist and fungus reproductive cell.
spore
A tail-like appendage on an protist that acts like a propeller.
flagellum
Little hair-like projections that move cells like oars on a rowboat.
cilia
A cytoplasmic projection from the organism that extends to allow the organism to move. Latin for "false foot"
pseudopod
A eukaryote that is not a member of the plant, animal, or fungi kingdoms; usually single-celled.
protist
What do mycorrhizea fungi do?
Extend the root network of plants in order to help plants find water and nutrients in the soil
Do fungi reproduce sexually or asexually or both?
Both!
Are fungi unicellular or multicellular?
Both!
Do fungi preform photosynthesis?
No! They are heterotrophs and do not use the sunlight to create energy.
What is chitin?
Chitin makes up the cell walls of fungi
Are fungi eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes
Are fungi heterotrophs, autotrophs, or both?
Heterotrophs!
Autotrophic protists provide what important element through photosynthesis?
Oxygen
Do protists reproduce sexually or asexually or both?
Both!
Are protists heterotrophs, autotrophs, or both?
Both!
What are the three environments we find protists in?
1) Water 2) Soil 3) Animals
What do flagella, cilia, and pseudopods have in common?
They aid in protists locomotion
What makes something a eukaryote?
1) Nucleus 2) Membrane bound organelles
Are protists eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes!
Are protists unicellular, multicellular, or both?
Both!
True or False: Plant-like and fungus-like protists like wet surroundings, but animal-like protists do NOT like wet surroundings.
False
True or False: Fungus-like protist use spores to reproduce.
True
True or False: Fungi use seeds to reproduce.
False
What are TWO characteristics of animal-like protists?
They can move and heterotrophs
True or False: All fungi are eukaryotes.
True
What are plant-like protists also known as?
Algae
What is a plant-like protist that has beautiful glasslike cell walls and unusual shapes
Diatoms
What is a plant-like protist that has a pigment that is good at absorbing small amount of sunlight in deep ocean water?
Red Algae
What is a plant-like protist that can be many colors and has plant-like structures such as roots, stalks, an leaves.
Brown Algae
What is a plant-like protist that has the same pigment as land plants
Green Algae
True or False: All protists are eukaryotes.
True
True or False: All fungi are heterotrophs that feed by absorbing their food.
True
What are TWO characteristics of plant-like protist?
Autotrophs and exist in a wide variety of colors or pigments
How do bacteria reproduce?
By binary fission
do archaea only live in extreme environments?
No, archaea are everywhere
Give some examples of places where archaea can be found
Hot springs, extremely acidic habitats, extremely salty habitats, near deep-sea vents, 8km below the earth's surface
Where do archaea often live?
Archaea often live where nothing else can.
Are all the molecules in archaea found in other living things?
Some of the molecules in archaea are not found in any other living things
a cell that contains DNA, a nucleus, cytoplasm and membrane-bound organelles is a _________________
eukaryotic cell
a cell that contains DNA and cytoplasm is a _____________
prokaryotic cell
can prokaryotes get energy, reproduce, and/or move?
Yes, they can
how are archaea and bacteria different?
both are prokaryotes but genetically very different, each has unique chemicals in their cell walls
Are bacteria living things?
Yes, they are
True or false: Can bacteria be both harmful and helpful? Give one example of helpful bacteria.
True. Ex of helpful bacteria: the ones in the cheese, yogurt, in our stomach, intestine
How do bacteria reproduce?
Binary Fission
Why don's doctors give antibiotics for viral infection?
Antibiotics only kill bacteria ,they do not work on virus
Why are virus considered non-living?
Viruses don't need nutrients/food and do not reproduce on their own. They need a host cell.
True or False: Bacteria live in most habitats
True
Is bacteria smaller than a cell?
Yes, they are.
Are bacteria unicellular organisms?
Yes
Why do some scientists believe that viruses are not living organisms?
Because viruses do not respond to their environment, have no metabolism, and cannot replicate on their own.
What happens in the lytic cycle?
The lytic cycle produces new viruses and breaks open the host’s cell wall, releasing the viruses.
Describe host range.
Each virus has a limited number of host cells that it can infect.
Bacteria lacks a nucleus therefore it is
Prokaryotic
What do virus' need to reproduce?
A host
When a virus enters a bacterial cell, makes copies of itself and causes the cell to burst or lyse, it is in the _____________ cycle.
Lytic
Bacteria can move. What is the name of the structure that moves them?
Flagellum
Virus contain ___________ and __________.
Protein coat and genetic material
These contain a dead form of a virus and give immunity to it?
Vaccines
Term refers to when the host cell bursts and new virus are released
lysis
Virus are made up of what?
Genetic material
word means "to break down"
lytic
How do virus get their name usually?
they are named after a disease or the person who discovered them
Are viruses surrounded by a protein coat?
Yes, they are.
Virus are living or non-living particles?
non-living
What do viruses need to reproduce?
host cell