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If hot carbon cools slowly, graphite forms....
That is the gray tip of your pencil!
If hot carbon cools very quickly, ..
a diamond forms.
Heat and pressure deep inside Earth can change carbon into diamonds.
This is a cut diamond.
This is a uncut diamond.
Rondi studies diamonds and how they were formed. Diamonds are made of carbon.
A geologist is a scientist who studies rocks.
Rondi Davies is a geologist at the American Museum of Natural History.
Meet Rondi Davies
🌳 Over time, dead trees and plants become ...
part of the soil!
🏜️ Sandy Soil –
Holds very little water and feels rough. 🌵 Desert plants grow well in sandy soil!
💧 Clay Soil –
Holds a lot of water and feels slippery. 🌾 Many plants do not grow well in clay soil.
🌱 Topsoil –
Holds some water and feels crumbly. 🌿 Most plants grow well in topsoil!
Different Kinds of Soil
🟤 Most soil is brown,
but some can be red, gray, or yellow!
What is Soil?
🌱 Soil is made of tiny rock pieces, dead plants, and dead animals.
Granite is hard—
it is used in buildings!
Chalk is soft—
you can write with it!
📝 Example:
đź’ˇ Some rocks are ..
soft
đź’ˇ Some rocks are ..
hard
Quick Lab:
Test Rock Hardness!
Some rocks are made of many minerals.
Others are made of only one mineral.
đź’ˇ What is a mineral?
A mineral is a nonliving thing that comes from the Earth.
🪨 Obsidian –
A black, shiny rock made from lava. It can be sharp and was used to make ancient tools.
🪨 Limestone –
A soft rock made from seashells and ocean animals. It is often used to make buildings.
🪨 Pumice –
A light rock with tiny holes. It can float on water! It is used to smooth rough skin.
🪨 Marble –
A smooth, shiny rock that can be white or colorful. It is used for statues and floors.
🪨 Sandstone –
A rough, grainy rock made of tiny sand pieces. It can be red, yellow, or brown.
🪨 Granite –
A hard rock with different colors and sparkly spots. It is used in buildings and countertops.
🪨 Basalt –
A dark, heavy rock that forms from lava! 🌋 It is often used to build roads.
Different Kinds of Rocks
🔎 Fun Fact:
All rocks are made of minerals!
Some rocks are shiny, while others are dull.
Some rocks are smooth, while others are rough.
What Are Rocks?
Rocks come in many shapes, sizes, and colors!
Essential Question:
âť“ What are rocks and soil?
Read Together and Learn