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Model of Cells - The Basic Units of Life
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What are cells?
The basic building blocks of organisms.
What is a unicellular organism?
An organism made of only one cell.
What is a multicellular organism?
An organism made up of many cells.
What device do scientists use to study cells?
A microscope.
What is the purpose of a microscope?
To enlarge an image of cells so that we can see them more clearly.
What three ways can cells vary from each other?
Shape, size, structure according to their functions.
Label the parts of the microscope.
1-base,2-light source,3-diaphragm,4-stage,5-stage clip,6+7-objective lens,8-revolving nosepiece,9-arm,10-fine adjustment,11-eyepiece tube,12-coarse adjustment
How should you carry the mircoscope?
With both hands, one hand on the arm and the other under the base.
How should you clean the microscope lens?
Using lens paper.
Name the two pieces of equiptment shown in the picture.
Slide and cover slip
What are the scanning powers of the three objective lenses?
4x, 10x, 40x
Draw and label a typical animal cell.
nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm
Draw and label a typical plant cell.
chloroplasts, nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole, chloroplasts
Why is iodine/methylene bule solution added to the cells before observing them under a microscope?
The iodine solution highlights the different parts of the cell so that we can observe the cells more clearly under the microscope.
What does chloroplast contain and why is it important?
It contains chlorophyll and it is used to absorb energy from the sun to make food during photosynthesis.
What is the cell wall used for?
To support the plant cell and give it a regular shape.
What is the cell wall made of?
A type of carbohydrate called cellulose.
What is the name of the partially permeable cell structure that allows only certain substance to pass through?
Cell membrane
What is the name of the jelly like substance found in a plant and animal cell?
Cytoplasm
What processes occure in the cytoplasm?
Chemical reactions
What is the nucleus responsible for?
Cell reproduction, control cell activities/repair, keeps the cell alive
What does the nucleus contain?
Genetic material called chromosomes.
What are chromosomes?
Long thread-like structures that contain genes.
What does the vacuole contain?
Water and other nutrients needed for living organisms to survive.
Compare the size of the vacuole in a typical plant and animal cell.
Animal cell = small, numerous, temporary Plant cell = single, large
In a plant cell, what liquid is contained within the vacuole?
Cell sap
How are tissues formed in a multicellular organism?
Cell performing similar functions group together to form tissues.
How are organs formed in a multicellular organism?
Different types of tissues that work together to perform a function.
How are organ systems formed in a multicellular organism?
Several organs with related functions work together for a specialised purpose.
What is the division of labour?
The breakdown of work into small and more specific tasks for maximum effeciency.