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Chemistry Fall Semester Review
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How many more electrons does oxygen want?
2
What are valence electrons?
electrons in the highest (outermost) energy level
What is an ion?
charged atom
Ionic bonds form between...
 
metal and nonmetal
 
2 nonmetals
 
2 metals
 
metalloids
What is the force holding the anions and cations together in an ionic bonds?
electromagnetic
What are the 3 subatomic particles and where are they located?
protons & neutrons: nucleus; electrons: electron cloud
What is the electrical charge of each subatomic particle?
protons: positive; electrons: negative; neutrons: neutral
How many electrons can the 3rd energy level hold?
8
How many electrons can the 2nd energy level hold?
8
How many electrons can the 1st energy level hold?
2
T/F: Electrons cannot exist between energy levels because energy is quantized.
True
What is the fundamental force of the universe that holds the atom togehter?
electromagnetic attraction (force)
What makes the noble gases "special"?
they have a full set of valence electrons and are unreactive because they are stable
What is the only periodic trend that applies to the noble gases?
Atomic Size
What is the oxidation number of all Alkaline Earth metals?
+2 or 2+
What is the oxidation number of all Alkali metals?
+1 or 1+
What is the common name for the 18th column?
noble gasses
What is the common name for the 17th column?
Halogens
Which atoms are the exceptions to the octet rule?
H, He, Li, Be. B, (C)
How many valence electrons do the majority of atoms "want"?
8
Why do atoms in the same family have similar chemical properties?
same number of valence electrons
What does the period tell you about the structure of the atom?
number of energy levels
What does the group/family tell you about the structure of the atom?
number of valence electrons
What are columns of the periodic table called?
group/family
What is a cation? describe how it is formed
positive ion; loss of electrons
What is an anion? describe how it is formed
negative ion; gain of electrons
Which is the most electronegative calcium (Ca) or beryllium (Be)?
Be
Which has the largest atomic radius Magnesium (Mg) or Potassium (K)?
Potassium (K)
What is the correct formula for the ionic compound containing: Calcium (Ca) and Sulfur (S)
Ca+2 & S-2 --> Ca2S2 --> CaS
What is the correct formula for the ionic compound containing: Potassium (K) and Oxygen (O)
K+1 and O-2 --> K2O
What is 451,000 in scientific notation?
4.51 x 10^5
What is 3.12 x 10^-3 in standard form?
0.00312
T/F: Density is dependent on the amount of the substance that you have.
False
What is the density of water?
1 g/cm^3 (1 g/mL)
What is the largest unit of mass? gram, mg, cg, kg
kg
If a set of measurements is close together but far from the actual value the are ___.
 
precise but not accurate
 
accurate but not precise
 
accurate and precise
 
not accurate or precise
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