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Which macromolecule speeds up chemical reactions?
Protein (enzyme)
Unsaturated
Fatty acid contains double bonds
Saturated
Fatty acid consists of single bonds
carbohydrate structure
carbohydrate structure
Triglycerides
Triglycerides
polymer and amino acid relationship
Polymer is a protein aka peptideLots of amino acids linked together
Nitrogen bases in DNA
Adenine GuanineThymine Cytosine
Dipeptides
two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond
diagram of nucleotide
diagram of nucleotide
diagram of unsaturated
diagram of unsaturated
diagram of saturated
diagram of saturated
amino acid structure
amino acid structure
polysaccharide diagram of amylose
polysaccharide diagram of amylose
disaccharide diagram of sucrose
disaccharide diagram of sucrose
monosaccharide diagram of glucose
monosaccharide diagram of glucose
Other name for Carbohydrate
saccharides
Elements present in nucleic acids
CarbonHydrogen OxygenNitrogenPhosphorus
Elements present in lipids
CarbonHydrogenOxygen
Elements present in proteins
CarbonHydrogenOxygenNitrogen
Elements present in carbohydrates
CarbonHydrogen Oxygen
What does "acid" indicate?
hydrogen ion is present
Which is the only macromolecule that isn't a polymer
lipid
hydrolysis
Requires water and releases energyTaking molecules apart
Key ideas
-All macromolecules are formed through dehydration synthesis -all covalent bonds -water breaks bonds and gives off energy through hydrolysis
2 monosaccharides
disaccharide
monomer
single molecule; small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
What are nucleic acids made up of?
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus
amino acid is also known as a...?
peptide or protein
What makes up proteins?
polymers made of amino acids (50-500 chains long)
polymer
result of many monomers linking together (protein or peptide and amino acids or polypeptide)
Where do macromolecules get energy?
macromolecules get energy from bonds
hydrolysis
Divides a polymer into monomers through the addition of water
dehydration synthesis
forms polymers and a water molecule
3.B. What class of macromolecule does the compound belong to?
Carbohydrates
3.A. What atoms constitute the compound above?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
2.C. Why are proteins considered polymers but lipids not?
Proteins have long chains of monomers, but lipids do NOT made up of components that make up a chain.
2.B. Describe at least one function of each group of organic compound.
Carbohydrates: main source of energy for plants and animals; proteins: regulation of cellular transportation of materials, cellular processes, formati...
2.A. Name four groups of organic compounds found in living things.
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
1.B. What properties of carbon explain carbon's ability to different large and complex structures?
Carbon can bond to itself, has 4 valence electrons, causing strong covalent bonds to occur between carbon and another element.
1.A. What are the major elements of life?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen.
Four groups of organic molecules
Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
organic
a molecule that contains carbon hydrogen bonds
Examples of Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA
Examples of Proteins
Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Hemoglobin, Collagen, keratin
Examples of Lipids
Fats, Oils, Waxes, Lipid Steroids (cholesterol), triglycerides, phospholipids
examples of polysaccharides
glycogen, starch, and cellulose
disaccharides examples
sucrose (glucose + fructose)maltose (glucose + glucose)lactose (galactose + glucose)
monosaccharides
glucose, fructose
Examples of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides - Glucose, FructoseDisaccharides Polysaccharides
The Function of Proteins
1. Controls the Rates of Reactions2. Fights Diseases3. Forms Cell Structures4. Regulates Cell Processes5. Transports stuff In/Out of the Cell
The Function of Nucleic Acids
Store and Transmit your Genetic Information
The Function of Lipids
Long-term Energy Source
The Function of Carbohydrates
Short-term or immediate Energy Source
The Monomer of Lipids
Glycerol and Fatty Acid Chains (2-3)
The Monomer of Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
The Monomer of Proteins
Amino Acids
The Monomer of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides (Galactose, Glucose or Fructose)
What are the four Macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
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