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Properties and Structure of Atoms
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What is the atomic mass of Aluminum?
27
How many electrons does Chlorine (Cl) have?
17
How many protons does Chlorine (Cl) have?
17
How many neutrons does Potassium (K) have?
20
What element has an atomic number of 4?
Beryllium
What element has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 6 neutrons?
Carbon
What is the atomic mass of Silver?
108
Hydrogen's atomic number is 1. How many electrons does it have?
1
Hydrogen's Atomic number is 1. How many protons does it have?
1
According to this principle, When electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy, electrons will enter empty orbitals first.
Hund's Rule
This principle states that electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first.
Aufbau Principle
Where p-block located? What color?
Green
Where f-block located? What color?
Orange
What electron configuration matches an oxygen atom?
1s2 2s2 2p4
What atom matches this electron configuration? 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Magnesium
Which principle or rule is violated?
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Which principle or rule is violated?
Hund's Rule
At a maximum, an f-orbital can hold_____ electrons, a d-orbital can hold_____ electrons and a p-orbital can hold ________ electrons.
14, 10, 6
What element matches this electron configuration?
Nitrogen
What element matches this electron configuration?
Calcium
What is the Noble gas configuration for silicon?
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
What is WRONG with this orbital diagram?
Every orbital must be filled with one electron before pairing
What is WRONG with this electron configuration?
The 4s orbital is filled before the 3d orbital
Write the electron configuration for copper (Cu)
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9
Explain: If 18 electrons fit on the third ring, why does K have 4 rings?
K is in the 4th period so it has 4 energy shells. 4s is lower in energy than 3d, so it will fill first.
Write the electron configuration for sulfur
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
How many valence electrons do halogens have?
7
What is the term for a negative ion?
Anion
What separates the metals from the nonmetals on the periodic table?
The metalloids (zigzag line)
All elements in the same GROUP have what in common?
Same number of valence electrons
All elements in the same PERIOD have what in common?
Electrons in the same energy level (for s and p orbitals)
What term best describes the electrons on the outermost energy level?
Valence electrons
Electrons prefer to occupy the orbitals that require the most or least energy?
least
How many electrons can fit on the 3rd energy level? Think of the Bohr Model Rules
18 e-
Sublevel f has how many orbitals?
7
a d sublevel has how many orbital orientations?
5
a p sublevel has how many orbitals
3
How many orbitals does an s orbital have?
1
How many orbitals are there in energy level 4?
s, p, d, f
How many orbitals are there in energy level 3?
s, p, d
How many types of orbitals are there in energy level 2?
s,p
How many types of orbitals are there in energy level 1 (n=1)
1s
What shape is an f orbital?
undefined
What shape is a d orbital
clover
What shape is a p orbital
dumbbell
What shape is an s orbital
spherical
What shape is an s orbital
spherical
Method of showing the arrangements of the electrons in an element or ion
electron configuration
What are shown on the Lewis dot diagrams?
valence electrons
What does the octet rule state?
The octet rule says that atoms are very stable when they have 8 electrons in their outer shell.
Why do elements in group 8 not form compounds?
They already have full outermost shell of electrons
Energy is ____ when an electron moves from higher to lower energy level.
released
Energy is ____ when an electron moves from lower to higher energy level.
absorbed
State the relationship between wavelength, frequency and energy
the longer the wavelength, the smaller the frequency, the smaller the energy
Why are atoms electrically neutral?
# positively charged particles (protons) = # negatively charged particles (electrons)
Silver has two isotopes: Ag-107 and Ag-109. Their respective % abundances are 51.8% and 48.2%. Calculate the relative atomic mass of silver.
107.96 amu
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom is known as the:
mass number
The number of protons in an atom is also known as the:
atomic number
What does the term "isotope" mean?
Isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in each atom
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