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Periodic Trends
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Which atom would require more energy to remove a valence electron, sodium or sulfur?
sulfur
Which atom would require more energy to remove a valence electron, lithium or cesium?
lithium
Which atom is larger, potassium or bromine?
potassium
What element is the most electronegative element on the Periodic Table of Elements?
fluorine
What is the group/family name for column 1 (1A) of the periodic table?
alkali metals
What is the group/family name for column 2 (2A) of the periodic table?
alkaline earth metals
Metals tend to (gain or lose) electrons to obtain a full set of valence electrons and become stable.
lose
Nonmetals tend to (gain or lose) electrons to obtain a full set of valence electrons and become stable.
gain
Nonmetals are located on the (left or right) side of the periodic table?
right
Why do electronegativity and ionization energy increase as you move across a period from left to right?
the increasing number of protons causes a greater electromagnetic attraction between the protons & electrons, making it more difficult to remove electrons
Why does the atomic size decrease as you move across a period from left to right?
the increasing number of protons causes a greater electromagnetic attraction between the protons & electrons, pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus
Which element is larger magnesium or calcium? why?
calcium because it has more energy levels
Which element is more electronegative nitrogen or bromine?
nitrogen (remember when elements are equidistant from fluorine the one with less energy levels is more electronegative)
The periodic trend that describes the amount of energy released when an atom gains an electron is ...
 
electron affinity
 
ionization energy
 
atomic size
 
electronegativity
The periodic trend that describes the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom is ...
 
ionization energy
 
electron affinity
 
electronegativity
 
atomic radius
The periodic trend that describes the relative size of the atom is ...
 
atomic radius
 
ionization energy
 
electron affinity
 
electronegativity
The periodic trend that describes the strength of the electromagnetic attraction between protons and electrons within the atom is...
 
electronegativity
 
ionization energy
 
electron affinity
 
atomic radius
Electron affinity (increases or decreases) as you move down a group/family and (increases or decreases) as you move across a period from left to right.
Electron affinity DECREASES as you move down a group/family and INCREASES as you move across a period from left to right.
Ionization energy (increases or decreases) as you move down a group/family and (increases or decreases) as you move across a period from left to right.
Ionization energy DECREASES as you move down a group/family and INCREASES as you move across a period from left to right.
Electronegativity (increases or decreases) as you move down a group/family and (increases or decreases) as you move across a period from left to right.
Electronegativity DECREASES as you move down a group/family and INCREASES as you move across a period from left to right.
Atomic radius (increases or decreases) as you move down a group/family and (increases or decreases) as you move across a period from left to right.
Atomic radius INCREASES as you move down a group/family and DECREASES as you move across a period from left to right.
True or False: Nonmetals tend to gain valence electrons to form stable ions.
True
True or False: Metals tend to lose (give away) valence electrons to form stable ions.
True
True or False: Atoms can lose or gain electrons to obtain a full set of 8 valence electrons (an octet).
True
With the exception of hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium and boron, how many valence electrons do atoms need to be stable?
8 (octet)
With the exception of helium, how many valence electrons do all noble gas elements have?
8
What are valence electrons?
electrons in the outermost energy level/shell
How many energy levels does an aluminum atom have?
3
How many valence electrons does a magnesium atom have?
2
How many valence electrons does an oxygen atom have?
6
What does the group/family that an element is in tell you about its atomic structure?
the number of valence electrons (electrons in the outermost energy level/shell)
What does the period that an element is in tell you about its atomic structure?
the number of energy levels
What are the vertical columns of the Periodic Table called?
group(s)/ family(families)
What are the horizontal rows of the Periodic Table called?
period(s)
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