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B2.4 Nutrition (ARK)
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what is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach called?
oesophagus
what is mechanical digestion?
how the body physically digests food
where do plants get their nutrients e.g., nitrates from?
the soil
what is a substrate?
the molecule broken down by an enzyme
what does the lock and key hypothesis show us?
how enzymes and substrates bind together
why are scientific models useful?
they help us visualise unseen/hard to imagine processes, and can help to describe them
why are control variables used in experiments?
so you can compare results
what is a control variable?
the thing you keep the same
describe what happens when the amylase enzyme is added to starch
breaks starch down into glucose
kwashiorkor is a disease that causes children to have stunted growth, which nutrient are they deficient in?
protein
which food test is benedict's solution used in?
 
sugars
 
starch
 
protein
 
lipids (fats)
If a plant has stunted growth, which nutrient is it deficient in?
 
nitrogen
 
magneisum
 
water
 
phosphate
If a plant has yellowing leaves, which nutrient is it deficient in?
 
magnesium
 
water
 
nitrogen
 
potassium
what is the part of an enzyme that a substrate binds to called?
active site
proteins are broken down into ...
amino acids
what do enzymes do?
speed up chemical reactions
how is the small intestine adapted for its function?
it has villi and microvilli that increase surface area, so more nutrients can be absorbed
What does bile do?
neutralises stomach acid
What is digestion?
the breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed by the body
Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme?
 
catalase
 
lipase
 
carbohydrase
 
protease