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the concept of a Chain of Custody :

This procedure shows who has had responsibility for the sample at any time and therefore gives confidence that the sample has not been tampered with along the w

what mean by Pathogenic

(disease causing) organisms present

The manual will also alert you to the potential hazards and risks involved. The fol-lowing sampling situations are common:

Dangerous access sites ,Toxicity of sample. • Corrosive nature of your sample • Flammable properties of your sample

Sampling procedures fall into a few common categories. Procedures for sampling can be: Fully automated processes?

where the sample is collected, prepared and tested by on line equipment. The results are usually processed electronically.

Sampling procedures fall into a few common categories. Procedures for sampling can be: Semi-automated methods?

where grab samples are collected automatically by equipment on line with the production stream.

Sampling procedures fall into a few common categories. Procedures for sampling can be: ➢ Manual ?

where the sampler goes out with the specified equipment, such as a bucket and spade or a syringe, dip tube or gas sampling bladder.

The sampling equipment that you use may be simple or complex and used to collect samples with some of the following characteristics:

• Solids, liquids or gases • Homogeneous or heterogeneous materials • Large or small samples • Samples that are cheap or very expensive • Routine or non-routine

true or false :In such a situation the response is very simple. Seek advice from the supervisor and/or advise other staffs that need to know about this situation. In a hazardous situation this should be done immediately.

true

Identification and location of sampling points and services at the site is usually either by:

• Prior knowledge. • Direction by a supervisor. • By reference to a site map.

Containers for liquid samples may require:

• Special cleaning and seals • Preservatives to be present before addition of your sample – acid and chlorine additions are commonly used as preservatives for d

Syringes – with their obvious ___________

medical applications

Dip tubes, spears and lances used to obtain liquid columns – these can capture ______________

different layers quantitatively

Cups or ladles dipped into your liquid – only valid with __________

homogeneous liquids

example of Liquids with high solids content,

such as muddy floodwater, wet concrete or pie fill-ings.

example of liquids with suspended matter,

such as blood, milk or sewage

example of liquids with dissolved matter,

such as sea water or urine

example of mixtures of liquids,

such as petrol, paint or salad dressing

example of pure liquids:

such as water, liquid oxygen or molten iron

The containers used to capture gases can be:

1. Flexible bladders similar to plastic and foil wine cask liners 2. Rigid walled containers made of plastic, metal or glass. These may contain absorbent materi

Systematically

Samples are taken at regular intervals. This can be done by number such as every tenth production item, or by time, such as a sample taken every two hours. In a

• By Cluster

Divide what is being sampled into areas (or clusters), then choose one of the clusters at random. This is useful in storage areas such as the cold room where th

By Judgement

Personal knowledge and judgement are used to choose the sample.

Randomly ?

The sample is simply selected at random. If bags of sand are being tested, one bag is chosen off the stack and some of the sand removed. Many sampling programs

Selecting items to sample We can sample:

A good sampling plan covers:

• How often to sample • The size of the sample • How the sample is to be taken • How you choose items to sample.

Sampling plans Sampling plans are written to meet:

• The demands of site geography • Government and industry regulations • Your company’s requirements.

Sampling is an important part of the company’s quality control program. Before you begin you must be able to answer questions such as:

• When do I take a sample? • How much sample is required? • Which products/batches are being sampled? • What equipment do I need? • How will I take the sample?

Priority: sometimes you will be given a list of different site samples for the day. These may include Why are you taking the sample?

false /Purpose:

You may be issued with work sheets that detail what is to be measured and for recording of the results. The sheets will normally show:

▪ Samples required ▪ Sites for the collection of the samples ▪ Instructions relating to the samples ▪ Specific safety instructions regarding things like lockout

What will the understanding of samples involved tell you?

1- You can assemble the appropriate equipment. 2- Understand OHS considerations. 3- Ensure that you know what you are going to do and how you are going to do it