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Biology Exam 4 Review
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When an enzyme changes shape (structure), what happens to its function?
enzyme CHANGES shape and LOSES function
What is a medical example of a noncompetitive inhibitor?
some anticancer drugs: inhibit enzymes involved in DNA synthesis and stop DNA production and division of more cancer cells
What is a noncompetitive inhibitor?
binds to another part of an enzyme other than the active site
What is a medical example of a competitive inhibitor?
Penicillin – antibiotic that blocks the enzyme bacteria use to build cell walls
What is a competitive inhibitor?
inhibitor & substrate “compete” for active site
What is the allosteric site on enzymes?
site where enzyme is activated (turned ON) OR inhibited (turned OFF)
What are the 5 factors that CHANGE enzyme structure/function?
1. pH 2. Temperature 3. Enzyme Concentration 4. Salinity 5. Amount of substrate
What is an active site on an enzyme?
the place where substrates and enzymes bind together
What are TWO characteristics of enzymes?
1. catalyze reactions (speed up reactions) 2. Lower activation energy
If we get our energy from food…. Where does our food get its energy?
We all get our energy by using sunlight through PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!!
What macromolecule is LEAST likely to be broken down to make ATP?
Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
Which macromolecule stores the most energy? Carbohydrates, Proteins, or Lipids?
Lipids (fats)
Food must be digested, which breaks down food into smaller molecules that can make ATP. Is this true or false?
True
Foods that you eat do NOT contain ATP. Is this true or false?
True
X is changed into Y when a phosphate group is added. What is X and Y?
ADP to ATP
This molecule transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to fuel all cellular functions
ATP
This molecule transfers/carries energy. It has TWO phosphate groups.
ADP
This molecule transfers/carries energy. It has THREE phosphate groups.
ATP
What organelle is involved in cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
What organelle is involved in photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
Do energy drinks or power bars do something different from any other foods you eat?
They may contain certain types of carbohydrates that can be used more quickly and so supply energy faster.
What is cellular respiration?
Cells break down sugars to produce usable chemical energy for their functions
What is photosynthesis?
Plants absorb energy from sunlight
What do all cells need? hint: cellular energy
All cells need chemical energy
What is a heterotroph?
animals that must get energy from food
What is an autotroph?
use energy from the sun or chemicals to make organic compounds
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