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Chapter 3: States of Matter
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endothermic or exothermic? GAS -> SOLID
Exothermic
endothermic or exothermic? LIQUID -> SOLID
Exothermic
endothermic or exothermic?SOLID -> GAS
Endothermic
endothermic or exothermic? LIQUID -> GAS
Endothermic
endothermic or exothermic? GAS -> LIQUID
Exothermic
endothermic or exothermic? SOLID -> LIQUID
endothermic
TRUE or FALSE: A gas absorbs energy as it changes into a liquid.
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE: When water vapor collects above the liquid in a container, the pressure caused by the collisions of this vapor and the walls of the container is called vapor pressure.
TRUE
The energy absorbed by one gram of water as it changes from its liquid phase into water vapor is known as the __________ (for water).
heat of vaporization
When liquid water freezes, the average kinetic energy of its molecules _______, and the arrangement of the molecules become more orderly.
decreases
TRUE or FALSE: Water molecules have a more orderly arrangement in ice than in liquid water
TRUE
As water freezes, it releases heat to its surroundings. Freezing is an example of a(n) ________ process..
exothermic
The energy absorbed by one gram of ice as it melts is known as the ________ (for water).
heat of fusion
A substance absorbs energy from its surroundings during a(n) _______ change.
endothermic
TRUE or FALSE: The temperature at which a substance freezes is lower than the temperature at which it melts.
FALSE
What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change
The temperature remains constant during a phase change.
solid to liquid
melting
gas to liquid
condensation
liquid to solid
freezing
gas to solid
deposition
liquid to gas
vaporization
solid to gas
sublimation
A ___________ is the reversable physical change that takes place when a substance changes from one state of matter to another.
physical change
If the temperature and number of particles of gas in a cylinder do not change, and the volume of the cylinder is reduced by half, the pressure of the gas will be __________ as the original pressure.
twice as much
What is the formula for Boyle's Law?
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
What is the formula for Charles's Law?
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
A temperature equal to 0 K on the Kelvin temperature scale is known as
absolute zero
Increasing the number of particles of a gas will ________________ its pressure if the temperature and the volume are constant.
INCREASE
How does reducing the volume of a gas affect its pressure if the temperature of the gas and the number of particles are constant?
pressure will INCREASE
What effect does raising the temperature of a gas have on its pressure, if the volume of the gas and the number of its particles are kept constant?
pressure will INCREASE
TRUE or FALSE: In a closed container, increasing the temperature of a gas will decrease the force with which particles hit the walls of the container.
FALSE
Name at least TWO factors that affect the pressure of an enclosed gas.
temperature, volume, number of particles
What is the SI unit for pressure?
Pascal
________ is a result of a force distributed over an area.
Pressure
Solids have a(n) ________ volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate in _______ locations.
definite, fixed
Do forces of attraction have a stronger effect on the behavior of the particles in a gas or in a liquid.
liquid
TRUE or FALSE: Because of the constant motion of the particles in a gas, the gas has a definite shape and volume
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE: There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter.
TRUE
According to ____________ all particles of matter are in constant motion.
kinetic theory
___________ is the energy of motion.
kinetic energy
On the sun, where temperatures are extremely high, matter exists in a state known as ___________.
plasma
What is the state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape or a definite volume?
gas
TRUE or FALSE: A liquid takes the shape of its container.
TRUE
Describes how particles at the atomic level are arranged within most solids.
Arranged in a regular pattern; packet close together
TRUE or FALSE: The fact that a copper wire can be bent shows that some solids do not have a definite shape.
FALSE
What are the three common states of matter?
solid, liquid, gas
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