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Chapter 2: Properties of Matter
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When matter undergoes a physical change, the composition of the matter _________.
stays the same
When matter undergoes a chemical change, the composition of the matter ____________________.
changes
TRUE or FALSE: When iron is heated until it turns red, the color change shows that a chemical change has taken place
FALSE
Which is NOT an example of chemical change? baking a cake, leaves changing color, ripping a piece of paper, food being digested
ripping a piece of paper
A(n) _____________ change occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substance.
chemical
TRUE or FALSE: Nitrogen is a more reactive element than oxygen.
FALSE
The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances is __________ .
reactivity
TRUE or FALSE: Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in the presence of carbon dioxide
FALSE
A _______________ is any property that produces a change in the composition of matter.
chemical property
TRUE or FALSE: The substances in a candle do not change when the candle burns.
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE: In a physical change, some of the substances is a material change, but the properties of the material stay the same.
FALSE
A process used to separate mixtures based on boiling point.
distillation
A process used to separate mixtures based on the size of the particles.
filtration
TRUE or FALSE: Usually, people consider only one property when choosing a material.
FALSE
8. Two processes that are commonly used to separate mixtures are _______________ and _________________.
filtration, distillation
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
melting point
The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume.
density
The ability to allow heat to flow.
conductivity
The resistance of a liquid to flowing
viscosity
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
boiling point
The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering
malleability
TRUE or FALSE: Discovering which of two materials can scratch the other is a way to compare the hardness of the material.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: A liquid with a high viscosity flows more slowly than a liquid with a low viscosity at the same temperature.
TRUE
A ________________ is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material.
physical change
A suspension is considered a ____________ mixture.
heterogeneous
Both solutions and colloids are considered ___________ mixtures.
homogeneous
TRUE or FALSE: If salt water is poured through a filter, the salt will be trapped on the filter.
FALSE
List two examples of colloids.
fog, homogenized milk
Term used to describe the homogeneous mixture that forms when sugar is dissolved in a glass of water.
solution
A mixture can be classified as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid based on the size of its ______ particles.
largest
TRUE or FALSE: A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which it is difficult to distinguish the substances from one another.
TRUE
A __________ mixture is a mixture whose parts are noticeably different from one another.
heterogeneous
The properties of a mixture can vary because the composition of a mixture is not ________.
fixed
TRUE or FALSE: A compound has the same properties as the elements from which it is formed.
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE: A compound can be broken down into simpler substances.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: The substances that make up a compound are always joined in a fixed proportion.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: A compound always contains at least two elements.
TRUE
A compound is a pure substance that is made from _____________ and can be broken down into those simple substances.
two or more simpler substances
What is the chemical symbol for carbon?
C
What is the chemical symbol for gold?
Au
What is the chemical symbol for aluminum?
Al
Which of the following is a gas at room temperature: carbon, oxygen, mercury or nitrogen?
oxygen and nitrogen
An element has a __________ composition because it contains only one type of atom.
fixed or set
TRUE or FALSE: The smallest particle of an element is an atom.
TRUE
A ________________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. .
element
What are two categories of pure substances?
elements and compounds
TRUE or FALSE: Every sample of a pure substance has exactly the same composition and the same properties.
TRUE