STAAR Review | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

He was the first African American to be elected to the Senate

Hiram Rhodes Revels

Term given to a Southerner who supported giving rights to African Americans

Scalawag

Term given to a Northerner who went to the south to take advantage of southerners economically

Carpetbagger

Southern economic system that placed African Americans in a cycle of debt owed to landlords

sharecropping system

Institution established to provide education, legal assistance, and support to African Americans

Freedmen's Bureau

Restrictions added by southern states to restrict the rights of African Americans

Black Codes

Reconstruction Amendment: granted the right to vote regardless of race; African Americans could vote

Fifteenth Amendment

Reconstruction Amendment: granted citizenship rights and equal rights under the law to African Americans

Fourteenth Amendment

Reconstruction Amendment: abolished slavery

Thirteenth Amendment

Vice President of Abraham Lincoln who became the 17th President after Lincoln's assassination; became the first president to be impeached after opposing Radical Republican legislation during Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson

Confederate sympathizer who assassinated President Lincoln

John Wilkes Booth

Military plan meant to "choke out" the South's supply lines, using naval blockades and destroying railway lines

"Anaconda Plan"

1863: speech in which President Lincoln addressed the reason the war was being fought (ending slavery and preserving the Union)

Gettysburg Address

1865: presidential speech; President Lincoln asked for a peaceful readmittance of the southern states once the war was over; he was compassionate towards the South

Second Inaugural Address

1861: presidential speech; President Lincoln promised to preserve the Union at any cost; denounced the secession of the southern states

First Inaugural Address

1864: General William T. Sherman burned down and destroyed the city of Atlanta, Georgia, committing to total war in the path of his army

Sherman's March to the Sea

1863: Confederacy lost control of the Mississippi River; split the Confederacy in half

Battle of Vicksburg

1863: turning point of the Civil War, ending with Robert E. Lee retreating to the South; one of the last battles fought in Union territory

Battle of Gettysburg

1863: freed slaves in Confederate territory; led to more Union support for the war

Emancipation Proclamation

1862: Bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil War; allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

Battle of Antietam

1861: Union defeat after Confederate forces led by General "Stonewall" Jackson successfully defended the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia

Battle of Bull Run

General of the Confederate Army

Robert E. Lee

General of the Union Army

Ulysses S. Grant

President of the Confederate States of America

Jefferson Davis

First battle of the Civil War, initiated by the Confederacy

Fort Sumter

President of the United States during the Civil War

Abraham Lincoln

Supreme Court case: Slaves are property, not citizens; Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery in territories; the Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Fighting between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups, in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act

"Bleeding Kansas"

Law passed in 1854 that allowed the people in the territory to vote for or against slavery; led to fighting between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, allowed Southern slave owners to hunt down slaves that escaped into the north; freedmen and runaway slaves were captured; increased sectional tensions between the North and South

Fugitive Slave Act

Compromise: California admitted as a free state; Fugitive Slave Act allowed Southern slave owners to hunt down slaves who escaped to the north; both freedmen and runaway slaves were affected; increased sectional tensions

Compromise of 1850

Compromise: Missouri was admitted as a slave state; Maine was admitted as a free state; slavery was banned from the rest of the Louisiana territory, north of Missouri's southern border

Missouri Compromise

To kidnap sailors and force to join the British navy

impressment

the right to vote

suffrage

A novel describing the cruelty of slavery, fueling support for the Abolitionist movement in the North

Uncle Tom's Cabin

This school of art included artist Thomas Cole, who painted natural landscapes of New York

Hudson River School

A transcendentalist who believed that people are born with an inner sense that enables them to recognize moral truths; a strong believer of civil disobedience

Henry David Thoreau

A philosophical movement in America that was based on the idea that people can transcend the material world and focus on self-reflectionl

Transcendentalism

An abolitionist who led a slave revolt at Harpers Ferry; believed that violence was necessary to end slavery

John Brown

Fugitive slave who became the conductor of the Underground Railroad

Harriet Tubman

This religious group were the first to call for an end to slavery during the colonization era because it violated Christian principles

Quakers

Abolitionist who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, which fueled support for the Abolitionist movement

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Abolitionist who escaped from slavery, wrote an autobiography in which he described his personal experience, and published the anti-slavery newspaper "The North Star"

Frederick Douglass

Abolitionist leader who started "The Liberator," increasing support for abolitionism

William Lloyd Garrison

This reform movement, led by Horace Mann, promoted the idea that public education should be free for all children

Education Reform/Common-School movement

This document, drafted at the Seneca Falls Convention, highlighted inequalities that existed in society, and demanded suffrage for all women

Declaration of Sentiments

A significant figure in U.S. history who fought to create legislation that would improve the facilities for the mentally ill and disabled

Dorothea Dix

This movement was focused on stopping or reducing alcohol consumption; mainly led by women; expanded the participation of women in other social reform movements

Temperance Movement

Religious revival in the nineteenth century that inspired a wave of social activism

Second Great Awakening

This transportation innovation allowed for a more efficient way to transport people and goods, reducing the price of transporting of goods and the price of fares

the steamboat

This innovation enabled the instantaneous long-distance transmission of information

telegraph

Man-made river that decreased the cost of shipping goods and connected the Northeast to the Midwest, made New York City a significant port city, built by Irish immigrants

Erie Canal

Immigrant group: settled in the West, escaped poverty, created distinct communities in California, helped build the Transcontinental Railroad

Chinese immigrants

Immigrant group: settled in the Midwest, escaped political unrest and poverty, established small farms due to fertile soil

Swedish immigrants

Immigrant group: settled in the Midwest, escaped political turmoil and unrest, established small farms, influenced culture (ex: Kindergarten, tuba, education)

German immigrants

Immigrant group: settled in the Northeast, escaped a potato famine from their home country, helped build the Erie Canal and Transcontinental Railroad (east)

Irish immigrants

Political party: anti-immigrant, native-born Americans were referred to as "Native Americans," targeted discrimination on Irish immigrants

Know-Nothing Party

Anti-immigrant sentiment, due to the fear that immigrants (like Irish immigrants) stole American jobs

nativism

Region of the United States: plantation system, cotton cultivation, slave labor, cotton gin, supplied raw materials to the North

South/Southeast

Region of the United States: mining for gold and other precious metals, Transcontinental Railroad, Chinese immigrants

West

Region of the United States: small farms, livestock, supplied food resources, German and Swedish immigrants

Midwest

Region of the United States: factories, manufacturing centers, supplied manufactured goods, Erie Canal, Irish immigrants

North/Northeast

A system based on capitalism that allows consumers to choose what to buy, and private citizens can make what they want without government interference

free enterprise

System that replaced cottage industry, leading to rapid industrialization

factory system

Invention that led to the profitability and expansion of slavery

cotton gin

To leave the Union and ignore the laws of the United States (South Carolina threatened to do it during the Nullification Crisis)

secede/secession

To overturn a federal law (supported by John C. Calhoun)

nullify/nullification

California, Florida, and Texas were former colonies of this country.

Spain

Religious group that escaped persecution in the 1830s and settled in Salt Lake City, Utah

Mormons

This immigrant group moved and settled in California; they were attracted by the gold rush and the economic boom in California

Chinese immigrants

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court responsible for the decisions of Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden, and Worcester v. Georgia

John Marshall

Supreme Court Case: The Cherokee Nation is sovereign, state laws cannot remove them from their land; President Jackson ignored the ruling

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court Case: federal government regulates interstate commerce; federal supremacy over states

Gibbons v. Ogden

Supreme Court Case: The national bank is constitutional, states cannot tax federal institutions

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court Case: established judicial review

Marbury v. Madison

The reason Andrew Jackson won the election of 1828

Increased voter participation (more men could vote)

Term used by Jackson supporters to describe the result of the election of 1824

"corrupt bargain"

British impressment was the major cause of this war

War of 1812

Event that challenged the domestic authority of the federal government (angry farmers from Pennsylvania)

Whiskey Rebellion

Prohibited European countries from colonizing the Western Hemisphere (the Americas)

Monroe Doctrine

Laws passed during the presidency of John Adams, violated the First Amendment of the Constitution, gave the president the power to deport immigrants

Alien and Sedition Acts

Territory acquired after purchasing from Mexico, needed for the construction of the southern transcontinental railroad

Gadsden Purchase (1853)

Territory acquired through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, included California

Mexican Cession (1848)

Territory acquired after negotiations with Great Britain

Oregon Territory (1846)

Territory acquired when the Republic of Texas was annexed to the United States, leading to a border dispute with Mexico

Texas Annexation (1845)

Territory acquired after Spain ceded it through the Adams-Onis Treaty

Florida Cession/Florida (1819)

Territory acquired from France when President Jefferson purchased it to gain control of the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Territory acquired through a treaty at the end of the American Revolution

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Territory acquired through British colonization (1607)

Jamestown/13 Colonies

Promised to fulfill the goals of Manifest Destiny, annexed Texas, acquired the Oregon Territory, and acquired the Mexican Cession after the U.S.-Mexican War

President James K. Polk

Vetoed the Second Bank of the United States, threatened South Carolina with military force, and forced the removal of the Cherokee from Georgia by ignoring a Supreme Court ruling

President Andrew Jackson

Elected by the House of Representatives in 1824, Jackson supporters claimed a "corrupt bargain"

President John Quincy Adams

Served two terms during the Era of Good Feelings, prohibited Europe from colonization the Western Hemisphere

President James Monroe

Led the nation during the War of 1812

President James Madison

Responsible for purchasing the Louisiana Territory, passed the Embargo Act which led to a decline in the economy

President Thomas Jefferson

Dealt with issues concerning France, only served one term due to his unpopularity from the Alien and Sedition Acts

President John Adams

Established the precedents of two terms, "Mr. President," and forming a Cabinet.

President George Washington

The 3 G's

Gold, God, Glory

This document influenced the Bill of Rights, provided protections for citizens including trial by jury and freedom of speech (1689)

English Bill of Rights

Signed in 1215, this document limited the powers of the king and provided certain protections for the people, including trial by jury

Magna Carta

Geography: flat, plains, fertile soil

Southern Colonies

Geography: rolling hills, good soil

Middle Colonies

Geography: rocky soil, mountains, dense forests, swift rivers, natural harbors

New England

Founder of Rhode Island; left Massachusetts along with Thomas Hooker after disagreeing with the church doctrine of the Puritans

Roger Williams

British policy to ignore the colonies as long as they remained loyal to the king and Parliament

salutary neglect

This social contract signed by the Pilgrims provided self-government for the settlement of Plymouth

Mayflower Compact

This document provided voting rights to males who were not church members; first written constitution in the colonies

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Founder of Connecticut; author of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Thomas Hooker

First representative legislature in the colonies; became a model lawmaking institution

Virginia House of Burgesses

Economy: plantations with slave labor, cash crops such as tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton

Southern Colonies

Economy: "bread basket," wheat, oats, barley, rye

Middle Colonies

Economy: shipbuilding, fishing, fur trade, whaling

New England

Climate: long growing season, dry, hot weather

Southern Colonies

Climate: mild, moderate weather, good growing season

Middle Colonies

Climate: cold, long winters, short growing season

New England

Religious group that settled in Massachusetts after the Pilgrims; strict followers of the Bible, did not tolerate different views of religion

Puritans

Religious group that settled in Pennsylvania, founding it as a safe haven; the first anti-slavery group

Quakers

Religious group that settled in Maryland, escaping persecution

Catholics

This country settled the Atlantic coast of North America; founded for commercial profit and natural resources; colonies founded by religious groups seeking religious freedom

England/Britain

This country settled central North America; fur trade in the Great Lakes Region; friendly relations with the Native Americans

France

This country settled southwest North America; sought gold; converted Native Americans to Catholicism; established Catholic missions

Spain

Settlement founded by the Pilgrims in 1620 when they tried to escape religious persecution

Plymouth, Massachusetts

First permanent English settlement in North America; founded for commercial profit and economic reasons (1607)

Jamestown, Virginia

1774, 55 delegates convened in Philadelphia to discuss a unified resistance against the Intolerable Acts

First Continental Congress

Punishment imposed on the colonies after the Boston Tea Party, including the closing of Boston Harbor and the dissolving of assemblies

Intolerable Acts

Amendment that addressed the grievance of colonists being deprived their right to trial by jury

Sixth/Seventh Amendment

Amendment that addressed the grievance of quartering troops in private homes

Third Amendment

The proposed constitution lacks a bill of rights. Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

Under this new Constitution, the states will surrender too much power to the federal government. Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

Leaders of the Anti-Federalists

Patrick Henry, George Mason

Leaders of the Federalists

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison

The existing national government lacks the power to perform essential functions. Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

The rights of citizens would be better protected by having both federal and state levels of government. Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

The Constitution already contains a few rights, so we may as well add a whole Bill of Rights. Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

Bill of rights are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution, but would even be dangerous. Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Federalist

The Constitution gives the federal government enough power to overpower the states. Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

Anti-Federalist

English philosopher who suggested the theories of natural rights and the social contract; influenced Thomas Jefferson when he wrote the Declaration of Independence

John Locke

French ally and general; helped train and discipline the Continental Army during the winter at Valley Forge

Marquis de Lafayette

Economic system in which Britain controlled all trade and the colonies could not manufacture goods or make profit

Mercantilism

Declare War, Make Treaties, Operate Post Offices

Strengths of the Articles of Confederation

A plan suggested by the small states: equal representation for all, just like the Articles of Confederation

New Jersey Plan

A plan suggested by the large states: representation should be based on population

Virginia Plan

Effect of the French and Indian War, leading to Parliament imposing economic policies on the colonies

debt

Example of civil disobedience: Sons of Liberty dumped 342 crates of tea into Boston Harbor in response to the Tea Act

Boston Tea Party

Year that the Declaration of Independence was adopted

1776

Britain officially recognized the United States as independent country; the U.S. acquired territory from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean (1783)

Treaty of Paris

British General Cornwallis surrendered to General Washington, ending the American Revolution (1781)

Battle of Yorktown

The Continental Army endured a harsh winter, but remained loyal to the Patriot cause and General Washington (1777-1778)

Winter at Valley Forge

Turning point of the Revolutionary War; France would support the Patriot cause and join the colonies as an ally against Britain (1777)

Battle of Saratoga

"The Shot Heard 'Round the World" (1775)

Battle of Lexington & Concord

Author of Common Sense, persuaded colonies to declare their independence from Great Britain

Thomas Paine

British policy that forced colonists to house troops on their private property, and gave the British army permission to enforce the taxes on the colonies

Quartering Act

Slogan in response to the Sugar Act

"No taxation without representation"

Leader of the Sons of Liberty

Samuel Adams

The first to sign the Declaration of Independence because he was devoted to liberty, the largest signature on the document

John Hancock

Naval war hero of the Revolutionary War; awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1787

John Paul Jones

Warned the citizens of Massachusetts that "The Redcoats are coming!"

Paul Revere

Monarch of Britain; considered a tyrant by the colonists

King George III

Appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress

George Washington

Author of the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

The three unalienable rights

Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness

He was the first casualty of the American Revolution when he died at the Boston Massacre

Crispus Attucks

Form of protest towards the Stamp Act in which colonists refused to buy British goods

boycott

King George III prohibited colonists to move west across the Appalachian Mountains; colonists were upset about the limits imposed on westward expansion

Proclamation Line of 1763

Conflict between Britain and France over the Ohio River Valley and the fur trade

French and Indian War

The Supreme Court can declare executive acts unconstitutional. Which branch is checking which branch?

Judicial Branch checks the Executive Branch.

The Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional. Which branch is checking which branch?

Judicial Branch checks the Legislative Branch.

Congress confirms judicial nominations. Which branch is checking which branch?

Legislative Branch checks the Judicial Branch.

The president nominates judges. Which branch is checking which branch?

Executive Branch checks the Judicial Branch.

Congress can override a presidential veto with a 2/3 vote from both houses. Which branch is checking which branch?

Legislative Branch checks the Executive Branch.

The president can veto bills passed by Congress. Which branch is checking which branch?

Executive Branch checks the Legislative Branch.

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution

The Bill of Rights

An agreement made between the North and South that would count the slave population as three-fifths of the free population; increased southern influence

Three-Fifths Compromise

A house of Congress: two senators from each state, equal representation for all states

U.S. Senate

A house of Congress: representation based on population of each state

House of Representatives

An agreement made at the Constitutional Convention to create a bicameral legislature

Great Compromise

The 5 major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation (must name each one)

No President, No Army, No Court System, No Common Currency, No Taxes (power to tax)

To approve

ratify

THREE requirements for a territory to become a state under the Northwest Ordinance (Name each one.)

1. 60,000 people need to live in the territory; 2. 5,000 free males; 3. NO SLAVERY

(1786-1787) Event involving farmers rebelling against property taxes; led to the need to restructure the federal government

Shays' Rebellion

(1787) Established a method to admit new states to the Union; provided a process for territories to govern themselves

Northwest Ordinance

Interprets the laws (Supreme Court, federal courts)

Judicial Branch

Enforces the Laws (President)

Executive Branch

Makes the laws (Congress)

Legislative Branch

Principle of the Constitution: Each branch checks on each other so that one branch does not become more powerful.

Checks and Balances

Principle of the Constitution: The power of the federal government is separated into three branches

Separation of Powers

Principle of the Constitution: Powers are shared between the federal government and the state governments.

Federalism

Principle of the Constitution: Citizens and elected officials are bound by the Constitution: they must obey the laws.

Limited Government

Principle of the Constitution: People express their power by electing representatives to Congress.

Republicanism

Principle of the Constitution: The people have the ultimate authority (power) in government and express it by voting.

Popular Sovereignty

Rights not listed in the Constitution belong to the states (Federalism)

10th Amendment

Rights not listed in the Constitution belong to the people (Popular Sovereignty)

9th Amendment

No cruel and unusual punishment; no excessive bail

8th Amendment

Right to a trial by jury in civil cases

7th Amendment

Right to a speedy trial, right to an attorney

6th Amendment

Due process of law; no self-incrimination, no double jeopardy

5th Amendment

No unreasonable searches and seizures

4th Amendment

No quartering of soldiers in private homes during peacetime

3rd Amendment

Right to bear arms

2nd Amendment

5 freedoms: religion, assembly, press, petition, speech

1st Amendment