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BOt105 SI week 2 vocab
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general term for any taxonomic category: class/order/phylum
Taxon
taxa that share an immediate common ancestor
Sister taxa
genetic information, that self replicates: composed of nucleotides denoted by A,C,G,T
DNA
The structure that carries the genes
Chromosome
an organism’s physical characters: an expression of genes.
Phenotype
an organism’s genetic characteristics
Genotype
a unit of heredity, a DNA sequence that codes for a specific protein
Gene
derived trait
Apomorphy
Having only one set of chromosomes.
Haploid
Having two sets of chromosomes (2n), characteristic of a sporophyte generation of a life cycle
Diploid
Mitosis- DNA doubles
Interphase
mitosis No microtubules. Nucleus reform. Cell wall present
Telophase
mitosis- Sister chromatids separate
Anaphase
Mitosis - Microtubules attach to centromeres. Chromosomes align at the mid
Metaphase
Mitosis -Chromosomes condense
Prophase
cellular division: duplicated chromosomes divide resulting in 2 identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
specialized body within eukaryotic cells. Bound by a double membrane. Contains chromosomes.
Nucleus
character trait that arose from a common ancestor of a group that is now present in all members of the group. A shared trait
Synapomorphy
a monophyletic group made up of an ancestor and all of its descendents. = monophyletic group
Clade
a taxon descended from a single ancestor = clade
Monophyletic group
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